(1978,417,'scheme','programme, plan','a elaborate plan or program of action','The government started a new scheme to plant trees. \r\nThe candidate has an ambitious scheme for the region\'s economy.','2024-09-22','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(1979,417,'ruled ','statuer, déclarer (au tribunal)','to decide or declare judicially or authoritatively','The judge rules the evidence admissible.\r\n','2024-09-22','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(1980,418,'splashing out on','faire des folies, débourser (des sommes importantes)','(phrasal verb) to spend a lot of money on buying things, especially things that are pleasant to have but that you do not need','They splashed out £3,000 on a holiday.','2024-09-24','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(1981,418,'mindlessly ','sans réfléchir ','without justification and with no concern for the consequences:','\"gangs of yobs roam the streets mindlessly vandalizing property\"\r\n','2024-09-24','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(1982,418,'peer pressure','pression des pairs ','influence from members of one\'s peer group:','\"his behaviour was affected by drink and peer pressure\"\r\n','2024-09-24','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(1983,418,'lavishly ','abondamment ','in a sumptuously rich, elaborate, or luxurious manner:','\"a lavishly decorated room\" · \"the book is lavishly illustrated\"\r\n','2024-09-24','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(1984,418,' sound evaluation','évaluation judicieuse','a good decision ','The cost analysis will make possible a sound evaluation about the effectiveness of the measures.','2024-09-24','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(1985,418,'gather knowledge','rassembler des informations','collect information about a particular subject','They learn how to conduct research and gather knowledge in order to present balanced information and informed opinions.\r\n','2024-09-24','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(1986,418,'get lured ','être attiré','be tempted','Is there a high risk of employees being lured by a competitor\'s offer?\r\n\r\n','2024-09-24','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(1987,418,'stem from ','provenir de','to develop or start from something ','. Their disagreement stemmed from a misunderstanding.','2024-09-24','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(1988,418,'upbringing','éducation','the way in which you are treated and educated when young, especially by your parents, especially in relation to the effect that this has on how you behave and make moral decisions:','The thief\'s bad habits were influenced by his upbringing.\r\nMy husband and I had similar middle-class upbringings.\r\nStudies suggest that upbringing is a key ingredient for adult success.','2024-09-24','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(1989,418,'bypass','ignorer','to ignore a rule or official authority:','They bypassed the committee and went straight to senior management.\r\n','2024-09-24','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(1990,417,'intended','avoir l\'intention de ','to have in mind, to plan','The company intends to cut 400 jobs.','2024-10-01','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(1991,419,'mayor','maire','the leader of a city','The mayor announced a reorganization of the police department.','2024-10-07','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(1992,419,'welfare ','bien-être, aide sociale','the health and happiness of a person or group','Water and sanitation are also critical for human welfare.','2024-10-07','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(1993,419,'was sworn in','prêter serment','admit someone to a particular office or position by directing them to take a formal oath','\"he was sworn in as president on 10 July\"','2024-10-07','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(1994,419,'has pledged ','promettre, s’engager à','to make a serious or formal promise to give or do something','We are asking people to pledge their support for our campaign.\r\n','2024-10-07','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(1995,419,'solve','résoudre','find an answer or an explanation (problem or mystery)','The mathematician has solved a difficult equation. \r\nSometimes, the police must solve crimes.\r\n','2024-10-07','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(1996,419,'ongoing','continu, en cours','continuing; still in progress:','The ongoing investigation will determine what happened. \r\nLearning is an ongoing process.','2024-10-07','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(1997,419,'citizens','citoyen','an inhabitant of a particular town or city:','Every adult citizen has the right to vote.\r\n','2024-10-07','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(1998,419,'lowered','réduire','to decrease','Traffic speeds must be lowered · The price of petrol was drastically lowered \r\n','2024-10-07','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(1999,419,'murder rate ','Taux de meurtres','the number of murders divided by the population of a jurisdiction',' The murder rate has fallen in several countries.','2024-10-07','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2000,419,'go missing','disparaître','to disappear or become lost without explanation or trace','The girl went missing for days before the police found her','2024-10-07','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2001,420,'had not heeded warnings','tenir compte des avertissements','to pay attention to cautionary advice','The airline has been criticized for failing to heed warnings about lack of safety routines.\r\nPlease read them carefully and heed all warnings.','2024-10-08','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2002,420,'go on trial','Passer en procès','to be presented in a court to a judge','\"two men have gone on trial for the murder\"\r\n','2024-10-08','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2003,420,'scams','escroquerie','a dishonest scheme; a fraud:','The job offer turned out to be a scam. \r\nSeveral criminals were involved in the banking scam.','2024-10-08','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2004,420,'valued silence over ','valoriser (quelque chose ou quelqu\'un) au détriment de','(value someone or something over) to consider someone or something as being more important than someone or something else','The company values profits over safety.\r\n\r\n','2024-10-08','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2005,420,'impending ','imminent','likely to happen very soon, or threatening or menacing','We will stay inside because of the impending snowstorm. \r\nThe student was worried about the impending exams. \r\n','2024-10-08','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2006,420,'to forgive ','pardonner','no longer feel angry about or wish to punish (an offence, flaw, or mistake):','it is important to forgive each other','2024-10-08','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2007,420,'denial','déni, démenti','a statement that something is not true','Following the scandal, the politician issued a denial.\r\n','2024-10-08','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2008,420,'offence','infraction','a breach of a law or rule; an illegal act:','He was stopped by the police for a traffic offence.\r\n','2024-10-08','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2009,420,'were sued ','poursuivre en justice','to seek justice or right from a person by legal process','The politician sued the journalist for libel.\r\nThe government will sue those responsible for the fraud.\r\n','2024-10-08','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2010,420,' were particularly targeted','viser, cibler','select as an object of attention or attack; aim or direct (something)','The campaign targets a young audience.\r\nTwo men were targeted by the attackers.\r\n','2024-10-08','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2011,421,'scorching','brûlant, torride','burning, very hot','I don’t want to be outside in this scorching heat. \r\nIt was scorching hot at the beach.','2024-10-08','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2012,421,'hustle and bustle','agitation, tohu-bohu','busy and frenetic activity or excitement','The hustle and bustle of the big city is invigorating.','2024-10-08','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2013,421,'timber building','construction en bois','a structure made primarily from wood. It uses timber (wood) as the main material for framing, walls, floors, and sometimes roofs.','Timber buildings are often praised for being environmentally friendly, lightweight, and offering natural insulation.','2024-10-08','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2014,421,'dangle ','pendre','hang or swing loosely:','A beautiful chandelier is dangling from the ceiling.\r\n','2024-10-08','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2015,421,' nestled away from',' niché à l’écart de','(of a place) be situated in a half-hidden or sheltered position',' A cute little lodge can be nestled away in the wooded hills of Vermont, miles away from any other people','2024-10-08','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2016,421,'overlooking ','surplomber','have a view of from above','The castle overlooks fields of corn and olive trees.\r\n','2024-10-08','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2017,421,'sunshade','parasol','a parasol, awning, or other device giving protection from the sun.','This pop-up sunshade has a unique design that is easy to set up and take down.\r\n','2024-10-08','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2018,421,'spilling out from','jaillir de, se répandre','(phrasal verb) to flow or fall out of a container: ','All the shopping had spilled out of my bag.','2024-10-08','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2020,421,'gross area','Superficie brute','total space within the outer walls of a building ','Each experimental plot had a gross area of 15 m2 with 5 m length and 3 m width.\r\n\r\n','2024-10-08','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2021,421,'dubbed ','surnommer','to give an unofficial name or nickname to','She was dubbed by the newspapers \"the Angel of Death\".\r\n','2024-10-08','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2022,424,'steering wheel','volant','a part of a car to control where you are going','The steering wheel is an integral part of your vehicle','2024-10-17','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2023,424,'robotics','la robotique','designing and operating of robots','My works concerns the use of robotics for helping injured people.','2024-10-17','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2024,424,' showed off','vanter (les qualités de), mettre en valeur','display someone or something that is a source of pride','He could not resist showing off his skill.\r\n','2024-10-17','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2025,424,'event ','évènement, manifestation','a planned public or social occasion','The city hosts many cultural events.\r\n','2024-10-17','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2026,424,'wing doors','porte papillon, porte à battant','a car door that opens upwards','The two wing doors automatically swing noiselessly upwards.\r\n\r\n','2024-10-17','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2027,424,'van ','fourgon, camionnette','a medium-sized motor vehicle for transporting goods','He uses a van to deliver his products.','2024-10-17','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2028,424,'laws','lois','a rule, usually made by a government','There are laws against drinking in the street. · \"law enforcement\"\r\n','2024-10-17','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2029,424,'to operate','(faire) fonctionner','to (cause to) work, be in action or have an effect','How do you operate the remote control unit?\r\n','2024-10-17','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2030,424,'disappointed ','déçu','feeling sad because of something that did not happen or was not good enough','He was disappointed when he failed the exam.\r\n','2024-10-17','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2031,424,'timelines ','calendrier, chronologie','a chronological arrangement of events in the order of their occurrence:','The team is trying to respect the project\'s timeline. \r\nThe timeline displays the most important dates. ','2024-10-17','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2032,422,'aircraft','avion','(plural: aircraft) any machine that can fly, plane','Smoking is not permitted inside the aircraft.','2024-10-22','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2033,422,'soar ','augmenter','increase rapidly above the usual level:','\"the cost of living continued to soar\"\r\n','2024-10-22','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2034,422,'enhanced','amélioré','improved, reinforced','Enhanced security should not reduce operators\' freedom unnecessarily.\r\n','2024-10-22','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2035,422,'fleet ','flotte','a number of vehicles or aircraft operating together or under the same ownership:','\"a fleet of ambulances took the injured to hospital\"\r\n','2024-10-22','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2036,422,'milestone','étape','a significant stage or event in the development of something:','\"the speech is being hailed as a milestone in race relations\"\r\n','2024-10-22','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2037,422,'patchy ','inégal, lacunaire','not of the same quality throughout; inconsistent:','\"your coursework was patchy\" · \"my knowledge of Egyptology is patchy\"\r\n','2024-10-22','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2038,422,'carrier ','transporteur','a person or company that undertakes the professional conveyance of goods or people:','\"the instruments can be sent by carrier\"\r\n','2024-10-22','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2039,422,'is undertaking','entreprendre','to do or begin to do something, especially something that will take a long time or be difficult','A firm of builders undertook the construction work.\r\n','2024-10-22','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2040,422,'overhaul','refonte','the act of completely changing a system so that it works more effectively','They announced plans for a radical overhaul of the country\'s political system.\r\n','2024-10-22','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2041,422,'reliable ','fiable','consistently good in quality or performance; able to be trusted','We obtained the information from a reliable source.','2024-10-22','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2042,422,'cc services','Les services CC','  contract compliance services','Customer acknowledges that the off-network connections described in the preceding sentence are un-managed services and Masergy does not provide or guarantee availability or quality of the CC Service(s) when provisioned in this manner.','2024-10-22','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2043,423,'wiped out','éradiquer, détruire','to destroy completely','After recent cyclones in Vanuatu and Fiji, some remote communities were virtually wiped out.','2024-10-22','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2044,423,'careened into','aller percuter','to move swiftly and in an uncontrolled way','After her Buick was rammed, it careened into a tree, killing her almost instantly.','2024-10-22','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2045,423,'gouged out','creuser','to remove something by digging or cutting it out of a surface','It lies in a wide valley gouged out by glaciers.','2024-10-22','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2046,423,'choked ','obstrué','prevent or inhibit the occurrence or development of:','\"piracy will choke the creation and distribution of music\" · \"higher rates of interest choke off investment demand\"\r\n\r\n','2024-10-22','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2047,423,'ripped up','lacérer','tear something violently into small pieces so as to destroy it:','\"he ripped up her pile of old letters\"\r\n','2024-10-22','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2048,423,'poachers','braconnier','a person who hunts or catches game or fish illegally','In the open type of free-range pen it is more difficult to keep out predators and poachers.','2024-10-22','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2049,423,'remnants','restes, vestiges','a part or quantity that is left after the greater part has been used, removed, or destroyed:','Some remnants of the old castle are still visible.\r\nIt has yet to address concretely the problem of existing explosive remnants of war. \r\n','2024-10-22','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2050,423,'in the wake of ','dans le sillage de','following (someone or something), especially as a consequence:','\"the committee was set up in the wake of the inquiry\"\r\n','2024-10-22','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2051,423,'chunks','morceau','a thick, solid piece of something','Big chunks of rocks were found on the road after the soil erosion','2024-10-22','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2052,423,' sledge hammers','masse, marteau pilon','a large, heavy hammer used for such jobs as breaking rocks and driving in fence posts.','Sledge hammers are ideal for demolition projects, metalworking, and protecting delicate workpieces from damage.\r\n','2024-10-22','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2053,425,'asphalt ','asphalte','material for making roads','asphalt pavement','2024-11-05','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2054,425,'regular','standard, ordinaire','usual','I am going to buy a regular coffee machine, nothing fancy.','2024-11-05','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2055,425,'road material','matériau routier','Substances that are used in road construction','Road materials are quite expensive in some countries.','2024-11-05','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2056,425,'cashew','noix de cajou','small nut from a tropical American tree','Cashew nuts are known as superfood.','2024-11-05','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2057,425,'eco-friendly','Respectueux de l’environnement','not harmful to the environment:','\"I use only eco-friendly products\"\r\n','2024-11-05','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2058,425,'oil','pétrole','petroleum','Oil is an important source of energy.','2024-11-05','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2059,425,'lower','baisser','decrease','Eat well and Sleep Well helps to lower the stress level','2024-11-05','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2060,425,'reach','atteindre','to get to a particular level','Finally, we have reached our goals','2024-11-05','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2061,425,'lasts ','durer','(of a process, activity, or state) continue for a specified period of time:','\"the guitar solo lasted for twenty minutes\" · \"childhood seems to last forever\"\r\n','2024-11-05','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2062,426,'made inroads','faire des percées','(idiom) to have a clear and definite effect on something, especially by reducing it, or influencing it','Tax rises have made some inroads into the country\'s national debt.\r\nBy the 1950s, television had made great inroads into the territory of the news magazines.\r\n','2024-11-06','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2063,426,'leaned into','se pencher sur','(phrasal verb) to accept the challenge of doing something and try hard to do it successfully','Writing a novel can be a daunting process but you just need to get up each morning and lean into it.\r\nThe pianist really leaned into some demanding passages.','2024-11-06','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2064,426,'palled around with','fréquenter, copiner avec','(informal, chiefly US) to spend time with someone as a friend','She\'s been palling around with a girl she met at school.','2024-11-06','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2065,426,'stunning ','remarquable, spectaculaire','extremely impressive','The program has had stunning success.\r\n','2024-11-06','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2066,426,'dashed ','anéantir','to destroy or frustrate (hopes or expectations)','\"the budget dashed hopes of an increase in funding\"\r\n','2024-11-06','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2067,425,'shells','coque','the hard external covering of a nut','Brazil nuts have very hard shells.','2024-11-14','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2068,426,'takeaways ','leçon à retenir','a key fact, point, or idea to be remembered','There are six main takeaways from the conference .\r\n','2024-11-06','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2069,426,'broke for ','se prononcer en faveur de','(here) to vote for','Younger voters broke for the new candidate.','2024-11-06','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2070,426,'palled around with ','fréquenter, copiner avec','to spend time with (someone) as a friend','She\'s been palling around with a girl she met at school.','2024-11-06','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2071,426,'veered ','dévier, virer vers','suddenly change an opinion, subject, type of behaviour, etc.:','Our talk soon veered onto the subject of money.\r\n','2024-11-06','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2072,426,'handily','facilement','without delay or difficulty; easily','They can handily accomplish any task.\r\n','2024-11-06','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2073,426,'stalwart ','inconditionnel','loyal, reliable, and hard-working:','\"he remained a stalwart supporter of the cause\"\r\n','2024-11-06','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2074,427,'missteps','Faux pas','a clumsy or badly judged step:','With each stage of the process, there was the potential for a misstep, a delay or human error.\r\n','2024-10-22','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2075,427,'tweaked ','affiner, fignoler','improve (a mechanism or system) by making fine adjustments to it:','\"engineers tweak the car\'s operating systems during the race\"\r\n','2024-10-22','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2076,427,' have punched it up','améliorer','(phrasal verb) make something more lively or interesting:','\"he needed to punch up his meandering presentation\"\r\n','2024-10-22','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2077,427,'pitted the chicken sandwich against','opposer','(phrasal verb) to cause (someone or something) to fight or compete against (another person or thing)','Tonight\'s game will pit Smith against Johnson for the championship.\r\n','2024-10-22','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2078,427,'everlasting ','éternel','lasting or enduring through all time : eternal','My love for my wife is everlasting.','2024-10-22','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2079,427,'seeking out','chercher','to search','the government is seeking out for help with teachers ','2024-10-22','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2080,427,'a twist','(here) une touche de fantaisie','with something deviating from what we would expect','French cuisine, but with a twist.\r\n','2024-10-22','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2081,427,'has faded','s’estomper','gradually grow faint and disappear:','\"the light had faded and dusk was advancing\" · \"hopes of peace had faded\"\r\n','2024-10-22','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2082,427,'slew','une série de, une pléthore de','a lot /a large number or quantity of something:','\"he asked me a slew of questions\"\r\n','2024-10-22','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2083,427,'shorthand ','raccourci','a short and simple way of expressing or referring to something:','\"poetry for him is simply a shorthand for literature that has aesthetic value\"\r\n','2024-10-15','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2084,428,'rotting garbage','ordures en decomposition','decomposing waste','Rotting garbage is a result of biodegradation.','2024-11-25','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2085,428,' bad-smelling','puant','having an extremely unpleasant smell','The skunk can discharge a bad smelling fluid to defend itself. \r\n','2024-11-25','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2086,428,'corpse ','cadavre','a dead body','A mummified corpse was discovered in the ancient ruins.\r\n','2024-11-25','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2087,428,'held their nose ','se boucher le nez','to hold one\'s nostrils together so as not to smell something','I have to hold my nose when I jump into water. ','2024-11-25','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2088,428,'coughed ','tousser','expel air from the lungs with a sudden sharp sound','The smoke made me cough.\r\n','2024-11-25','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2089,428,'breath','respiration','the air taken into or expelled from the lungs','Take a deep breath.\r\n','2024-11-25','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2090,428,'endangered species','espèces menacées d\'extinction','at risk of extinction','Interpol combats traffic in endangered species of flora and fauna.\r\n','2024-11-25','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2091,428,'in the wild','dans la nature (sauvage)','growing, or living in a natural state','It is strictly forbidden to pick edelweiss in the wild. \r\n','2024-11-25','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2092,428,'pollinate ','polliniser','to take pollen from one plant to another','Bees pollinate the plants by carrying the pollen from one flower to another.\r\n','2024-11-25','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2093,428,'decade','décennie',' a period of ten years','\"he taught at the university for nearly a decade\"\r\n','2024-11-25','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2094,429,'indicted','officially accused of a crime','inculpé','He was indicted on drug charges at Snaresbrook Crown Court.','2024-11-21','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2095,429,'charged','inculpé','formally accused of an offence','They filed a lawsuit charging fraud and breach of contract.','2024-11-21','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2096,429,'tycoon ','magnat','a wealthy, powerful person in business or industry:','\"a newspaper tycoon\"\r\n','2024-11-21','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2097,429,'allegedly ','prétendument','used when something illegal or wrong is said to have been done, but has not been proved','She was arrested for allegedly stealing a car.\r\n','2024-11-21','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2098,429,' bribery scheme',' Système de corruption','improper and usually unlawful conduct intended to secure a benefit for oneself or another','The multimillion-dollar bribery scheme diverted aid funds from several countries.\r\n','2024-11-21','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2099,429,'concealing ','Dissimuler','to hide','\"a line of sand dunes concealed the distant sea\"\r\n','2024-11-21','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2100,429,'allegations ','allégation','a statement, made without giving proof, that someone has done something wrong or illegal','The chief executive of the company resigned last autumn over allegations about his expenses.\r\n','2024-11-21','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2101,429,'baseless','sans fondement','without foundation or evidence, lacking a valid reason or support','No credence should be given to baseless accusations and unverified statements. \r\n','2024-11-21','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2102,429,'undisputed evidence','preuves incontestables','a material fact presented as evidence (proof) that appears \"unquestioned\" from the defense perspective','Unfortunately, there is no undisputed evidence that this growth would occur. \r\n','2024-11-21','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2103,429,'runway ','piste','a strip of hard ground along which aircraft take off and land:','\"the jet braked hard as its wheels touched the runway\"\r\n','2024-11-21','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2104,430,'auction','vente aux enchères','a usually public sale of goods or property, where people make higher and higher bids (= offers of money) for each thing, until the thing is sold to the person who will pay most','The painting will be sold at auction next week.\r\nThe house and its contents are being put up for auction','2024-11-30','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2105,430,'fetched','(here) dépasser (en prix)','achieve (a particular price) when sold','The land could fetch over a million pounds.','2024-11-30','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2106,430,'depicts','décrire','to represent or show something in a picture or story','Her paintings depict the lives of ordinary people in the last century.\r\nIn the book, he depicts his father as a tyrant.','2024-11-30','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2107,430,'marquee','de premier plan, de renom','(here) first-class, renowned','Canada\'s Marquee Tourism Events Program provides targeted, time-limited support to existing tourist attractions','2024-11-30','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2108,430,'stained-glass Tiffany window','vitrail (Tiffany)','colored glass used for making decorative windows and other objects','A cathedral with beautiful stained glass windows\r\n','2024-11-30','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2109,430,'dazzling ','éblouissante','extremely bright, especially so as to blind the eyes temporarily:','\"the sunlight was dazzling\" · \"a dazzling smile\"\r\n','2024-11-30','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2110,430,'acclaimed ','Acclamé','praised enthusiastically and publicly:','\"the conference was acclaimed as a considerable success\" · \"he was acclaimed a great painter\"\r\n','2024-11-30','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2111,430,'trailblazer ','pionnier','a person who is the first to do something; an innovator:','\"he was a trailblazer for many ideas that are now standard fare\"\r\n','2024-11-30','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2112,430,'landmark moment','moment historique','an event, discovery, or change marking an important stage or turning point in something','We are at a landmark moment, and we cannot afford to fail. \r\n','2024-11-30','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2113,430,'epitomizes ','incarner, illustrer','be a perfect example of:','Their careers epitomized the problems faced by their generation.\r\n','2024-11-30','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2114,431,'Around ','environ','approximately','She earns around $40,000 a year.','2024-11-29','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2115,431,'plastic waste','déchets plastiques','plastic objects which have not been recycled','The amount of plastic waste in the oceans is increasing all the time.\r\n','2024-11-29','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2116,431,'is drowning in','se noyer dans, être submergé de','to be drowning in= be overwhelmed by a large amount of something','He is drowning in debts.','2024-11-29','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2117,431,'thrown away','jeter','to throw away (threw – thrown) (phrasal verb) to get rid of something you do not want any more:','US consumers throw away around 100 billion plastic bags annually.','2024-11-29','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2118,431,'an insurance policy ','une police d’assurance','a legal contract between an insurance company and the insured','The insurance policy provides several health benefits.','2024-11-29','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2119,431,'warned ','avertir','inform someone in advance of a possible danger or problem','My mother always warned me not to talk to strangers.','2024-11-29','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2120,431,' health problems ',' problèmes de santé','a state in which you are unable to function normally and without pain','She\'s had mental health problems for years.','2024-11-29','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2121,431,'agree on','se mettre d\'accord sur','to have the same opinion about something','We agreed on the price.','2024-11-29','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2122,431,'path','voie','a way','We will continue on this path in the next quarters.','2024-11-29','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2123,431,'convenient','pratique','practical','The grocery store near us has very convenient opening hours.','2024-11-29','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2124,432,'assets ','avoirs','property owned by a person or company, regarded as having value and available to meet debts, commitments, or legacies','We declare our company\'s assets every year.\r\n','2024-12-05','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2125,432,'joint venture','coentreprise',' a business arrangement in which two or more parties agree to pool their resources for a specific task or project','The company is looking into establishing a joint venture with a foreign competitor.\r\n','2024-12-05','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2126,432,'sustain ','soutenir','. To keep in existence; maintain, continue, or prolong: ','To sustain an effort','2024-12-05','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2127,432,'barrels ','barils','big containers used to store liquids','Oak barrels are used for aging the wine.\r\n','2024-12-05','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2128,432,'“Domestically produced','produit localement','produced locally','It was domestically produced, but its major parts were imported.','2024-12-05','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2129,432,'fuels ','carburants','material such as coal, gas, or oil that is burned to produce heat or power','\"Buses are powered by alternative fuels\" · \"an engine with high fuel consumption\"\r\n','2024-12-05','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2130,432,'rely on','compter sur','to need (someone or something) for support, help, etc.','They relied heavily on the advice of their advisors.','2024-12-05','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2131,432,'strengthens ','renforcer','To make strong or increase the strength of.','The creation of new jobs will strengthen the economy.','2024-12-05','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2132,432,'curtail ','freiner','reduce in extent or quantity; impose a restriction on:','Economic difficulties are likely to curtail the country\'s growth next year.\r\n','2024-12-05','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2133,432,'pool resources','mettre en commun des ressources','(idiom) to combine more than one person\'s supply of something (such as money)','If we pool our resources we can buy the car.','2024-12-05','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2134,433,'likelihood ','probabilité','probability','This latest dispute greatly increases the likelihood of a strike.\r\n','2024-12-05','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2135,433,'maintain consistency','maintenir la cohérence','to keep the same standards','There is a need to maintain consistency among different sectors, specific projects and programmes within a country.','2024-12-05','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2136,433,'jet stream','courant-jet','fast flowing, narrow air currents in the earth\'s atmosphere','Jet streams form when warm air masses meet cold air masses in the atmosphere.','2024-12-05','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2137,433,'steer ','diriger, orienter','to guide or control the movement or direction','The captain steered the ship to the port. \r\nThe politician steered the conversation to a different topic.','2024-12-05','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2138,433,'weather patterns','conditions météorologiques','refer to the recurring atmospheric conditions that can be observed over a specific region and time period','In a stable weather pattern, daytime winds are generally stronger and gustier than nighttime winds. ','2024-12-05','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2139,433,'clusters','groupe','a group of things of the same type that grow or appear close together','The telescope is focused on a dense cluster of stars at the edge of the galaxy. \r\nThe biologist observed the cluster of cells with a microscope.\r\n','2024-12-05','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2140,433,'was issued','publier','(here) to publish','The association issued its annual report.','2024-12-05','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2141,433,'gusted','souffler en rafales','(of the wind) to blow strongly','Winds gusting to 50 mph brought down power lines.','2024-12-05','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2142,433,' storm surges',' onde de tempête','the abnormal rise of water generated by a storm, over and above the normal astronomical tide','The cyclone caused a storm surge.','2024-12-05','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2143,433,'worsen ','s\'aggraver','to make or become worse','The situation worsened due to budget cuts.\r\n','2024-12-05','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2144,434,'samples ','échantillon','a representative part or a single item from a larger whole or group','Some perfumeries offer samples to their customers.\r\n','2024-12-19','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2145,434,'figure out','comprendre','to understand or solve something','I figured out why the experiment was not working.','2024-12-19','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2146,434,'bits','morceau','a small piece, part, or quantity of something','I fixed the broken chair with a bit of wood.\r\n','2024-12-19','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2147,434,'dirt','terre','earth, soil','Their shoes were covered with dirt.\r\n','2024-12-19','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2148,434,'copper','cuivre','a red-brown metal','Copper is a very good conductor of electricity.\r\n','2024-12-19','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2149,434,'mining','extraction, activité minière','getting minerals and materials from the ground','Coal mining is the main industry in the region.','2024-12-19','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2150,434,'crime','criminalité ','illegal activity','The city invested more resources to fight crime.','2024-12-19','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2151,434,'seize','saisir, confisquer','to take hold of something','The customs officer seized the undeclared goods.','2024-12-19','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2152,434,'tracing','repérage','to find where something is from','tracking and tracing','2024-12-19','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2153,434,'accounts for','représenter ','to form the total of something','Housing costs account for a large portion of my spending.','2024-12-19','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2154,435,'sought','chercher à','To seek (sought sought): to attempt ','The company seeks to increase its fiscal benefits.','2024-12-21','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2155,435,'vowed ','jurer','to solemnly promise to do a specified thing','\"the rebels vowed to continue fighting\" \r\n','2024-12-21','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2156,435,' whale hunting',' Chasse à la baleine',' the practice of hunting whales for their meat, oil, and various body parts','In 1982 the International Whaling Commission completely outlawed commercial whale hunting.\r\n\r\n','2024-12-21','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2157,435,'resume ','reprendre','begin again or continue after a pause or interruption:','It’s time to resume our storybook.\r\nCan you resume counting the numbers?\r\n','2024-12-21','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2158,435,'gathered ','se réunir, se rassembler','to come together in a body','\"as soon as a crowd gathered, the police came\"\r\n','2024-12-21','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2159,435,'greet ','accueillir, saluer','to welcome','The receptionist always greets visitors with a smile.\r\nEveryone greeted this idea warmly.\r\n','2024-12-21','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2160,435,'mother ship','vaisseau-mère','a ship serving smaller craft','The Japanese whaling fleet leaves the Antarctic Ocean after a fire aboard its mother ship. \r\n','2024-12-21','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2161,435,'attempts ','tentative','an effort to achieve or complete (something difficult)','She failed the test on her first attempt but passed on her second attempt.\r\nThey made an attempt to be helpful.','2024-12-21','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2162,435,'slaughter ','massacrer','to kill in large numbers','Thousands of people were slaughtered in the civil war.\r\n','2024-12-21','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2163,435,'warrant','mandat','a document issued by a legal or government official authorizing the police or another body to make an arrest, search premises, or carry out some other action relating to the administration of justice:','\"magistrates issued a warrant for his arrest\" · \"an extradition warrant\"\r\n','2024-12-21','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2164,436,'mindlessly ','machinalement','in a way that does not involve thought or mental effort','Who hasn\'t eaten mindlessly while watching television or surfing the internet? \r\n','2024-12-01','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2165,436,'devalue ','dévaloriser','reduce or underestimate the worth or importance of','\"I resent the way people seem to devalue my achievement\"\r\n','2024-12-01','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2166,436,'endeavours','effort, initiative','an attempt to do something','The new project is the result of a joint endeavour. \r\nIn spite of our best endeavours, it has proven impossible to contact her.','2024-12-01','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2167,436,'prevails ','régner, prévaloir','be widespread or current in a particular area or at a particular time','\"a friendly atmosphere prevailed among the crowds\"\r\n','2024-12-01','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2168,436,'bundle','regrouper, rassembler','to fasten a number of things together','We’re supposed to bundle magazines before throwing them away.','2024-12-01','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2169,436,'featuring ','comporter','to have as a prominent attribute or aspect','\"the hotel features a large lounge, a sauna, and a coin-operated solarium\"\r\n','2024-12-01','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2170,436,'headline','tête d’affiche','(here) the most famous or important performer or speaker to take part in an event','Since last year, she has headlined at least 32 fundraising events.','2024-12-01','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2171,436,'arguably ','sans doute','used to say that a statement is very possibly true even if it is not certainly true','My brother is arguably the best player on the team.\r\n','2024-12-01','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2172,436,'took off','prendre son essor','to embark on rapid activity, development, or growth','\"the newly launched website has really taken off\"\r\n','2024-12-01','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2173,436,'pokes fun at','se moquer de','to make jokes about someone or laugh unkindly, often in a mild or teasing manner','Late night comedy shows often poke fun at politicians.','2024-12-01','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2174,437,'arguments','dispute, querelle','when people don’t agree or fight','The argument created a split in the community.','2025-01-09','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2175,437,'to focus on','se concentrer sur','to concentrate on','The students are focusing on the exam.','2025-01-09','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2176,437,'to improve','améliorer','to make or become better','Modern technology can improve our lives.\r\n','2025-01-09','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2177,437,'weapons ','armes','a thing designed or used for inflicting bodily harm or physical damage:','Nuclear weapons ','2025-01-09','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2178,437,'neighbor ','voisin','a person living next door or very near','My neighbor helps me babysitting my pets when I am not here.','2025-01-09','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2179,437,'NATO','OTAN','North Atlantic Treaty Organization','NATO is a political and military alliance of 32 countries from Europe and North America.','2025-01-09','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2180,437,'rivalry','rivalité','Competition','The rivalry between the two companies is fierce.','2025-01-09','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2181,437,'agenda','ordre du jour, programme','a list of matters to be discussed at a formal meeting','The director set the agenda for the meeting.','2025-01-09','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2182,437,'upcoming','prochain, à venir','happening soon, approaching','The team is training daily for the upcoming season.','2025-01-09','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2183,437,'impact','influencer, avoir des répercussions sur','to have a powerful effect on something','Shale gas extraction impacts oil prices.\r\n','2025-01-09','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2184,438,'ties ','liens','the friendly feelings that people have for other people, or special connections with places:','Family ties are weaker if you move a long way away.\r\nThe two countries will be discussing ways to forge closer trade ties.','2025-01-08','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2185,438,'outsize','(here) énorme, (usually) grande taille ou hors gabarit','(adj) much larger than usual','a sports bag for outsize equipment\r\nThey specialize in outsize clothes.','2025-01-08','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2186,438,'concern','un souci, une préoccupation','a worry','Our prime concern is customer satisfaction.\r\n','2025-01-08','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2187,438,'upstart ','(industrie) en plein essor','(here) rising as a new competitor','Larger drug companies are buying up many of the upstart companies.','2025-01-08','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2188,438,'take on ','accepter','to begin to perform or to deal with, to undertake','He took on new responsibilities\r\n','2025-01-08','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2189,438,'to cut government spending ','réduire les dépenses publiques','to reduce or eliminate government or organizational expenses in certain areas or programs','The current drive to cut government debt and spending in the euro zone could reduce the region\'s economic growth.','2025-01-08','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2190,438,'subsidy ','subvention','a sum of money granted by the state or a public body to help an industry or business keep the price of a commodity or service low:','\"the rail service now operates without subsidy\"\r\n','2025-01-08','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2191,438,'scrutinize','examiner minutieusement','to examine something very carefully','The media scrutinized the company\'s shady business.\r\n','2025-01-08','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2192,438,'granted','accorder','to give or allow someone something, usually in an official way','She was granted American citizenship.\r\nThey granted him an entry visa.','2025-01-08','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2193,438,'beat out','battre','to defeat someone or do better than them in a competition, sport, or business','They beat out several other rivals for the contract.','2025-01-08','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2194,439,'wearable','(here) appareil portable','portable','With a 170-degree wide-angle lens and HD video capture, the HD Hero 960 is a wearable camera that lets you record all your extreme adventures with ease.\r\n','2025-01-06','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2195,439,'display','écran, affichage','an electronic device (such as a LCD) or part of a device (such as the screen of a tablet) that presents information in visual form','The computer display is too dark.','2025-01-06','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2196,439,'scouted ','explorer, partir en repérage','to make a search for someone or something in various places','\"I was sent to scout around for a place to park the camper\" · \"we scouted for clues\"\r\n','2025-01-06','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2197,439,'plotted ','comploter','to secretly make plans to carry out (an illegal or harmful action)','The two men are serving sentences for plotting a bomb campaign.\r\n','2025-01-06','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2198,439,'built-in','intégré',' included, made, or designed as part of something. It can also mean forming an integral part of a structure or object.','The audio recording starts simultaneously from the built-in microphone of the camera.','2025-01-06','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2199,439,'selling points','argument de vente','a feature of a product for sale that makes it attractive to customers:','The laptop\'s light weight is its main selling point.\r\n','2025-01-06','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2200,439,'landmark ','repère','an object or feature of a landscape or town that is easily seen and recognized from a distance, especially one that enables someone to establish their location:','\"the spire was once a landmark for ships sailing up the river\"\r\n','2025-01-06','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2201,439,' hands-free',' mains libres','(especially of a phone) designed to be operated without using the hands:','\"on the way back to the garage, I received a call on the hands-free phone\"\r\n','2025-01-06','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2202,439,'viewfinder ','viseur','a device on a camera showing the field of view of the lens, used in framing and focusing the picture.','The photographer looked through the viewfinder of his camera.\r\n','2025-01-06','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2203,439,'bystanders ','(here) passant','a person who is present at an event or incident but does not take part:','\"water cannons were turned on marchers and innocent bystanders alike\"\r\n','2025-01-06','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2204,440,'acquiring','acquérir','to buy or obtain something','The company acquired its competitor\'s total assets.','2025-01-16','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2205,440,'fashion brand','marque spécialisée dans la mode','a company which makes and sells clothes, shoes, and other things','The fashion brand Esprit attracts its customers into 640 branches world-wide','2025-01-16','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2206,440,'falling sales','chute des ventes','when the amount of products sold declines','Cost reduction measures were taken to react to falling sales.','2025-01-16','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2207,440,'luxury market','marché du luxe','buying or selling expensive and high-quality things','Mercedes-Benz maintains its premium position in the luxury market.','2025-01-16','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2208,440,'owned ','posséder','to possess','\"his father owns a restaurant\" · \"a state-owned company\"\r\n','2025-01-16','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2209,440,' make an offer','faire une offre','to say officially that you would like to buy something at a particular price','We\'ve made an offer on the apartment.','2025-01-16','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2210,440,'Wealthy ','riche','rich','a wealthy family','2025-01-16','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2211,440,'consumers ','consommateur','a person who buys goods or services for their own use:','The new rates will affect all consumers, including businesses.\r\n','2025-01-16','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2212,440,'hired','embaucher','to give a job to someone','he was hired instantly due to his qualifications.','2025-01-16','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2213,440,'purchase','acheter','to buy','she only purchases brand products','2025-01-16','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2214,441,'landlords','propriétaires','a person or organization that owns a building or an area of land and is paid by other people for the use of it:','The landlord had promised to redecorate the bedrooms before we moved in.\r\n','2025-01-12','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2215,441,'are jacking up prices','faire grimper les prix','(phrasal verb - informal) increase something by a considerable amount','Strong demand has jacked up the prices.','2025-01-12','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2216,441,'are making it hard','render les choses difficiles','to cause a situation or task to be difficult','Several factors make it hard for these debates to move forward.','2025-01-12','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2217,441,'price gouging','gonflement des prix, prix trop élevés','the practice of charging excessive prices for goods or services, especially during times of high demand or limited supply','Quebec dairy farmers alert public to price gouging.','2025-01-12','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2218,441,'is going haywire','(here) s\'emballer, se détraquer','to become wildly confused, out of control, or crazy','It\'s like a thermostat that\'s gone haywire - it just doesn\'t work the way it should. ','2025-01-12','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2219,441,'have leveled','(here) raser','to completely destroy a building or area','The builders levelled the house to build a new one.\r\nThe bombing levelled the village.\r\n','2025-01-12','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2220,441,'swaths ','pan, partie',' a strip or belt, or a long area of something','The sheriff’s department polices a wide swath of the county.\r\n','2025-01-12','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2221,441,'death toll','nombre de décès','the number of deaths resulting from a particular cause:','The storm left a high death toll as well as considerable damage to economic infrastructures. \r\n','2025-01-12','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2222,441,'law enforcement','les forces de l\'ordre','(here) the department of people who enforce laws, investigate crimes, and make arrests, i.e. the police','She works in law enforcement.\r\nLaw enforcement officials in the area were alerted of the suspect\'s escape.','2025-01-12','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2223,441,'looting ','pillage','the activity of stealing from shops or other places during a violent event, such as a riot or a war','Works of art were stolen during the looting.\r\n','2025-01-12','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2224,442,'has considered','examiner, envisager de','(+ verb-ing) to think about carefully','I considered all options before making a decision.\r\nWe considered moving to the city','2025-01-19','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2225,442,'more leeway','une plus grande marge de manœuvre','an allowable margin of freedom or variation','The new rules allow managers greater leeway in making decisions.','2025-01-19','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2226,442,'be put off','être rebuté','cause someone to lose interest or enthusiasm:','\"she wanted to be a nurse, but the thought of night shifts put her off\"\r\n','2025-01-19','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2227,442,'filing','(here) déclaration, (usually) dépôt (de document)','(here) a document filed','I need one document for the filing of my application.','2025-01-19','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2228,442,'dwarfing ','éclipser, minimiser','to cause to seem small or insignificant in comparison:','The value of lost production can dwarf all other elements.\r\n','2025-01-19','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2229,442,' has been gearing up for','se préparer pour','(phrasal verb) to prepare for something or to prepare someone else for a task or event','Politicians are already gearing up for the election.\r\n','2025-01-19','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2230,442,'more leeway','une plus grande marge de manœuvre','an allowable margin of freedom or variation','The new rules allow managers greater leeway in making decisions.','2025-01-19','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2231,442,'garment','vêtement','an item of clothing:','\"a windproof outer garment\" · \"fashion garments\"\r\n','2025-01-19','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2232,442,' save up','faire des économies','to keep money so that you can buy something with it in the future:','It took me months to save up enough money to go travelling.\r\n','2025-01-19','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2233,442,'outweigh','l\'emporter sur','to be heavier, greater, or more significant than','\"the advantages greatly outweigh the disadvantages\"\r\n','2025-01-19','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2234,442,'forced labour','travail forcé','any work relation in which people are employed against their will with the threat of destitution, detention, or violence','The charity works towards eliminating forced labour.','2025-02-03','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2235,440,'is considering','examiner, envisager de','(+ verb-ing) to think about carefully','I considered all options before making a decision.\r\nWe considered moving to the city\r\n','2025-02-03','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2236,443,'worldwide','à travers le monde, dans le monde entier','(here= adverb) throughout the world','She travels worldwide as a consultant.\r\n','2025-02-06','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2237,443,' a growing trend','une tendance croissante','a general direction in which a situation is changing or developing','There is a growing trend to use electronic dictionaries.\r\n','2025-02-06','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2238,443,'Approximately ','environ','around, roughly','\"a journey of approximately two hours\"\r\n','2025-02-06','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2239,443,'are affected','être touché, atteint','to be influenced or changed by something','These lands are affected by the government\'s decision.','2025-02-06','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2240,443,'rates','taux','a quantity, amount, or degree of something measured per unit of something else','The government\'s goal was to lower the unemployment rate.','2025-02-06','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2241,443,'urges','exhorter','to press someone to do something','The chairman urged the committee to make a quick decision.','2025-02-06','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2242,443,'underscores ','souligner, faire ressortir','to emphasize','The president underscored the importance of the project.','2025-02-06','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2243,443,'to prioritize','donner la priorité à','to treat something as being very or most important','The new government will prioritize education and health.','2025-02-06','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2244,443,'ailments','maladie, affection','a health problem or disease','My grandmother knows how to treat ailments with herbs.','2025-02-06','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2245,443,'rise ','augmentation','(here= noun) an increase','The company recorded a continuous rise in profits.','2025-02-06','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2246,444,' brand-new','tout nouveau, flambant neuf','completely new','I bought a brand-new car.\r\nA brand-new situation.\r\n','2025-01-27','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2247,444,'tap into','exploiter, tirer parti de','to make a strong or advantageous connection with','Trying to tap into a new market.\r\nWe make it possible for our customers to tap into new areas of business.','2025-01-27','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2248,444,'take up the opportunity','saisir l’opportunité','(phrasal verb) to accept an offer','We should take the opportunity to vote for reform and transparency.','2025-01-27','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2249,444,'bounced back','rebondir','(phrasal verb) to return quickly to a normal condition after a difficult situation or event','I had financial difficulties, but I managed to bounce back.','2025-01-27','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2250,444,'overseas ','à l\'étranger','in or to a foreign country, especially one across the sea','He spent a lot of time working overseas.','2025-01-27','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2251,444,'was targeting ','cibler','to direct advertising, criticism, or a product at someone','The campaign targets a young audience.\r\n','2025-01-27','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2252,444,'sank into','sombrer dans, s\'enfoncer dans','to drop into','When the unemployed reach the end of their benefits, they sink into absolute poverty.\r\nThe world\'s economy is sinking into a recession.\r\n','2025-01-27','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2253,444,'closure of borders','fermeture des frontières','the act of shutting down or sealing off borders to prevent entry or exit','The closure of borders will have a negative effect on the functioning of Euro-regions.\r\n','2025-01-27','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2254,444,'boldly ','courageusement, avec assurance','in a confident and courageous way; showing a willingness to take risks:','We will need to act boldly on this. ','2025-01-27','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2255,445,' hitting back','riposter, contre-attaquer','(phrasal verb) to attack or criticize someone after being attacked or criticized by them','Weary of her rival\'s accusations, the candidate hit back with an aggressive ad campaign.\r\nThe Senator hit back at his critics.\r\n','2025-02-04','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2256,445,'tariffs','taxe à l’importation','a charge or list of charges either for services or on goods entering a country','He argued for free trade and low tariffs','2025-02-04','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2257,445,' crude oil','pétrole brut','liquid petroleum, raw natural resource','The extraction of crude oil is a lengthy and complicated process. The refinery has capacity to process 220,000 barrels of crude oil per day. ','2025-02-04','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2258,445,'interfered with','s\'immiscer, interférer','to take part or intervene in an activity without invitation or necessity','No authority has the right to interfere in legal proceedings or judicial affairs.','2025-02-04','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2259,445,'provide specifics','fournir des détails','to give exact details','The Union was asked to provide specifics on this issue.\r\n','2025-02-04','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2261,445,'The raft of','une série de, un grand nombre de','a large amount or number of something','His plan is to encourage more personal investment with a raft of tax breaks. \r\nCongress is working to complete a raft of spending measures for the new fiscal year. \r\nA whole raft of new guidelines and legislation is being introduced.','2025-02-04','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2262,445,'inflicting too much damage','porter préjudice, causer des dommages','to cause harm or injury to someone or something','Transparency must also have its limits because excessive transparency could inflict damage upon the company. \r\nIf you inflict damage on somebody then, as a rule, you are responsible for the financial consequences. \r\n','2025-02-04','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2264,445,'a far cry','très éloigné, bien loin de','vastly different from something','Living in the heart of New York City is certainly a far cry from living in the rural countryside.','2025-02-04','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2265,445,' had slammed','critiquer','(here) to criticize','Although the reviewers slammed the play, the audience loved it.\r\n','2025-02-04','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2266,445,'filing a complaint','déposer une plainte','legal process where one person (the “plaintiff”) initiates a civil lawsuit against another person or entity (the “defendant”) by submitting a document called a complaint to the court','He filed a complaint with the commission, charging discrimination based on his disability.','2025-02-04','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2267,444,'work remotely','travailler à distance','to work away from a usual workplace or location, making use of communications technology','If you work remotely, from home office or on the road, you are a nomadic professional. ','2025-02-17','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2268,446,'has been struggling','éprouver des difficultés','to have difficulty handling or coping with',' \"Jane has been struggling to find a job for the last six months.\".','2025-02-21','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2269,446,'Factories','une usine','a building or set of buildings where large amounts of goods are made using machines','a car factory\r\nThe factory supplies electrical components for cars.','2025-02-21','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2270,446,'goods','produits, marchandises','things which companies or shops sell','The goods are stored in a large depot.','2025-02-21','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2271,446,' Renewable energy','énergie renouvelable','any form of energy that is produced using natural resources that  are constantly replaced','Sunlight, water and wind are renewable energy sources.\r\n','2025-02-21','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2272,446,'need fixing','avoir besoin d’être réparé','something is damaged, broken, or not working properly and requires repair or improvement. ','The old house is charming, but it needs some fixing before we can move in.','2025-02-21','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2273,446,'shortage','manque, pénurie','not enough of something','The drought may cause a water shortage.','2025-02-21','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2274,446,'skilled','qualifié','having special knowledge or training','We need skilled employees with experience.','2025-02-21','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2275,446,'paperwork','paperasse, formalités','documents and forms which people and companies need for official work','Our agency deals with the paperwork.','2025-02-21','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2276,446,'training','formation','the process of learning skills ','I contacted the HR department for a training program.','2025-02-21','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2277,446,' slow things down','ralentir les choses','to decrease the speed or rate of something','Traffic lights help slow things down on busy roads.\r\n','2025-02-21','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2278,447,'defiant ','(here) rebelle','openly resisting or disobeying','Defiant behavior is defined as the act of refusing to comply with a rule, direction or request made by someone in authority.','2025-03-03','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2279,447,' compensation offer','offre d\'indemnisation','financial compensation to cover damages or losses incurred','Amicable expertise: an expert evaluates the value of damages, to be the base for a compensation offer to the insured.','2025-03-03','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2280,447,'storey ','étage','a level of a building:','a three-storey house\r\nTheir new house has four storeys including the attic.','2025-03-03','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2281,447,'is set to','être prévu pour','to be ready, prepared','Construction on the expansion project is set to begin in February.\r\n','2025-03-03','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2282,447,'is concerned that','s’inquiéter du fait que','to be worried, troubled, or anxious','Some companies are concerned that reducing emissions will harm their economic development.\r\n','2025-03-03','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2283,447,'turn back time','revenir en arrière','to go back into the past','If I could turn back time, I would give more thought to preparing for a career.\r\n','2025-03-03','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2284,447,'lost a big bet','perdre sa mise','to lose a gamble we made','He was so sure of his team winning the game, but he lost the bet.','2025-03-03','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2285,447,'laments ','déplorer','to express sadness and regret about something','He lamented his students’ lack of interest in the classics.','2025-03-03','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2286,447,'have flocked','affluer, se rendre en masse','to move or come together in large numbers','Hundreds of people flocked to the football match.\r\n','2025-03-03','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2287,447,'to relocate','déménager, délocaliser','to move to a new place and establish one\'s home or business there','The applicant was willing to relocate to get the job.\r\nThe company relocated its headquarters to London.','2025-03-03','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2288,448,'landfill','décharge','an area where garbage is dumped and covered with dirt','Household waste is transported to a landfill','2025-03-03','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2289,448,'come up with a new plan','élaborer un plan','to come up with (a solution, a plan, an idea) (phrasal verb): think of something such as an idea or a plan','If they want to beat the competition, young entrepreneurs have to come up with an idea for a new business.','2025-03-03','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2290,448,'had disposed of','jeter, se débarrasser de','to throw away','Recycling is a clean way to dispose of used batteries.','2025-03-03','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2291,448,'were widely reported','être largement relayé','to introduce a statement that has been shared and reported by multiple sources',' \"It has been widely reported that the Chief Justice will be retiring at the end of the year.\"','2025-03-03','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2292,448,'has reached out to','(here) contacter, se rapprocher de','(phrasal verb) to try to contact someone','Our efforts to reach out to customers and help them save money and choose the best products for them are working.\r\n\r\n','2025-03-03','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2293,448,' dig up the site','creuser','(phrasal verb) to break the ground or to make a hole in it with a tool, machine, etc.','They\'re digging up the road outside to fix a faulty water main.\r\n','2025-03-03','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2294,448,'issuing a judgment','rendre un jugement','to pronounce a verdict','It is the D day ! The court will issue its judgement quite soon. ','2025-03-03','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2295,448,'was clearing out ','nettoyer, (here) vider','(phrasal verb) to tidy a place by getting rid of things that you do not want','I took the precaution of clearing out my desk before I left.\r\n','2025-03-03','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2296,448,'had disposed of','jeter, se débarrasser de','to throw away','Recycling is a clean way to dispose of used batteries.','2025-03-03','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2297,448,'excavate the site','creuser le site','to dig out material from (the ground)','Archaeologists are excavating a site near the cathedral.\r\n','2025-03-03','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2298,448,' run into ','(here) s\'éléver à','(phrasal verb about money) to reach a particular cost or amount, as a total','The repairs will probably run into thousands of dollars.\r\n','2025-03-03','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2299,449,'volcanic vent','cheminée volcanique','an opening in the Earth\'s crust from which lava, tephra, and volcanic gases are erupted','When volcanic eruptions of blasting lava have ceased, volcanic vents continue to release steam and gas fumes through small openings surrounding a volcano, which are called fumaroles.','2025-03-03','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2300,449,'prompting','provoquer, déclencher','to cause something to happen','The play prompted thunderous applause.\r\nThe minister\'s decision prompted a lot of debate in the media.','2025-03-03','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2301,449,'uncrewed ','sans équipage','not carrying or performed by people, having no crew','SpaceX\'s Starship rocket broke up during its eighth uncrewed flight test.','2025-03-03','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2302,449,'scientific payloads','charges utiles scientifiques',' instruments designed to collect data and perform experiments to increase our understanding of the universe.','Test flights carrying scientific payloads could lift off sooner. \r\nThe Barbados Gun demonstrated an unmatched ability to fire military and scientific payloads long distances','2025-03-03','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2303,449,' a lopsided touchdown','atterrissage raté','unbalanced and leaning to one side= (here) failed landing','Japan’s solar-powered SLIM spacecraft made a lopsided-but-successful touchdown on the moon.','2025-03-03','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2304,449,'dooming ','détruire','to make certain the failure or destruction of','The scandal doomed her chances for election.\r\n','2025-03-03','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2305,449,'are both rushing to','se hâter, se précipiter','to move with urgent haste','I prefer to take my time rather than rush.','2025-03-03','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2306,449,'courting ','courtiser','to seek to attract (as by solicitous attention or offers of advantages)','Both candidates were courting the independent voters.','2025-03-03','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2307,449,'a winding path','un trajet sinueux','a path, road, river, etc. that bends a lot and is not straight. It repeatedly turns in different directions.','The hikers followed the winding path, struggling to find their way in the dense forest.','2025-03-03','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2308,449,'looming shift','changement imminent, réorientation imminente','a change that is about to happen (often negative)','Governments can help small businesses address the looming demographic shift and ensure the long-term prosperity of region.\r\n','2025-03-03','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2309,450,'questioning','interrogatoire','judicial interrogation','The questioning of prisoners of war shall be carried out in a language which they understand.','2025-03-07','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2310,450,'commitment to fully cooperate with','engagement à coopérer pleinement avec','being willing and ready to help and support in every possible way','Our commitment is to cooperate fully in accordance with requirements of these resolutions.','2025-03-07','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2311,450,' gold smuggling','contrebande d’or, trafic d\'or',' illicit transportation of gold between continents, countries and provinces',' Gold smuggling out of Africa, mainly to the United Arab Emirates, has surged over the last decade.','2025-03-07','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2312,450,'inducement ','mesure d\'incitation','a thing that persuades or leads someone to do something','The inducement takes the form of an offer\r\n','2025-03-07','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2313,450,'ongoing investigation','enquête en cours','the police are continuing to investigate to figure out what happened and who if anybody to charge','The ongoing investigation will determine what happened.','2025-03-07','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2314,450,'proceedings ','procédure','(here= in law) any legal action taken in a court or legal setting','During the divorce proceeding, both parties presented evidence regarding child custody.','2025-03-07','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2315,450,'stepdaughter ','belle-fille ','a daughter of one\'s husband, wife, or partner by a previous relationship.','A stepson or stepdaughter have the same entitlement to a survivor\'s pension as natural children.','2025-03-07','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2316,450,'had been closely monitoring','suivre de près','to watch or observe something carefully and attentively','We will closely monitor the progress of the project.\r\nThe Government says it will closely monitor the market.','2025-03-07','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2317,450,'gold bars ','lingot d’or','a block of gold that can be traded on a gold market','Private individuals started to invest in gold bars.','2025-03-07','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2318,450,'recovered ','récupérer','To find or regain possession of (something stolen or lost)','They hope they can recover their money.\r\nThe police recovered a stolen video.','2025-03-07','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2319,451,'copyright','droits d\'auteur','the legal right to publish, print, or record artistic or musical material','This book is protected by copyright.','2025-03-05','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2320,451,'rules','les règles','official instructions about what people can do','I had to review the rules before playing chess','2025-03-05','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2321,451,'for free','gratuitement','without having to pay any money','The software can be tested for a month for free.\r\n','2025-03-05','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2322,451,'to keep protecting','continuer à protéger','(to keep doing something) to continue to do it','Keep practicing your English.','2025-03-05','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2323,451,'tracks ','un titre, une piste','a recording of one song or piece of music:','\"the CD contains early Elvis Presley tracks\"\r\n','2025-03-05','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2324,451,'disappear ','disparaître','cease to be visible:','\"He disappeared into the trees\" · \"the sun had disappeared\"\r\n','2025-03-05','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2325,451,'unless ','à moins que','except if','She won’t go unless you go.\r\nI\'ll be there at nine, unless the train is late.','2025-03-05','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2326,451,'worry that','craindre, s\'inquiéter du fait que','to feel anxious or nervous about actual or potential problems:','People worry that they will not have access to affordable health services.','2025-03-05','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2327,451,'the protest','contestation, réclamation','a statement or action expressing disapproval of or objection to something:','The tax increase led to public protest.','2025-03-05','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2328,451,' is giving away ','donner, distribuer, céder','to give something without asking for payment','\"I gave away all my books\" · \"she gave all her money away before the end of her life\"\r\n','2025-03-05','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2329,452,'fibers','fibres','a very thin piece of material or substance','Barley is low in fat and a good source of dietary fiber.','2025-03-18','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2330,452,'protective clothing','vêtement de protection','clothes keeping people safe','Safety equipment and protective clothing are required during installation.','2025-03-18','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2331,452,'remove','retirer','to take away','He removed the key from the lock.','2025-03-18','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2332,452,'breathe','respirer','to take air into the body','The air we breathe is invisible.','2025-03-18','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2333,452,'lung','poumon','one of the two organs which we need to breathe','Stopping smoking reduces the risk of lung cancers.','2025-03-18','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2334,452,'careful','prudent','trying hard not to do anything wrong or damage something','Children must be careful when playing near cars.','2025-03-18','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2335,452,'Asbestos ','Amiante','a highly heat-resistant fibrous silicate mineral that can be woven into fabrics, and is used in brake linings and in fire-resistant and insulating materials:','\"asbestos was used for pipe insulation\" · \"asbestos shingles\"\r\n','2025-03-18','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2336,452,'workers ','ouvriers','(here)  employees who do manual work','A foreman supervises the other workers.\r\n','2025-03-18','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2337,452,'Health experts','Experts de la santé','professionals who evaluate health conditions within a specific environment and recommend solutions to enhance the health of its citizens, often working in both public and private sectors.','The case is being evaluated by health experts','2025-03-18','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2338,453,'facilities','installations, infrastructures','the buildings, equipment, and services provided for a particular purpose:','medical facilities - sports facilities - \r\nThey are undertaking training at military facilities near Bismayah.','2025-03-15','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2339,453,' has put forward ','mettre en avant','to suggest an idea for consideration:','None of the ideas that I put forward have been accepted.\r\nHe put forth a clear, logical argument.','2025-03-15','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2340,453,'arena ','stade','a large, flat area surrounded by seats used for sports or entertainment:','The match will take place in the arena.','2025-03-15','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2341,453,'meet the necessary standards','réunir les conditions nécessaires, être conforme aux normes requises','to comply with specified requirements','Countries need to meet the necessary standards to join the EU.','2025-03-15','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2342,453,' is advocating for','plaider en faveur de','to publicly support or suggest an idea, development, or way of doing something:',' Advocate for environmental protection through better sanitation. ','2025-03-15','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2343,453,' government funding','Financement gouvernemental','money provided by the government to pay for something:','The President lifted restrictions on government funding of research.','2025-03-15','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2344,453,' to host','accueillir','to provide the space and other things necessary for a special event','The city hosts many cultural events.\r\nThe seminar will host a special guest.','2025-03-15','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2345,453,' be too keen on','apprécier, être intéressé par','interested in doing something','We are keen on engaging private industry. \r\nShe\'s keen on playing tennis.\r\n','2025-03-15','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2346,453,' to rule out','écarter, exclure','to decide or say officially that something is impossible or will not happen','I am not ruling out the possibility of continuing the competition. \r\nI ruled out the options one by one before choosing.','2025-03-15','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2347,453,' a legacy','un héritage','something that is a part of your history or that remains from an earlier time:','The Greeks have a rich legacy of literature.\r\nThe artist has died, but his artistic legacy lives on.','2025-03-15','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2348,454,'joints','restaurants','(informal) an establishment of a specified kind, especially one where people meet for eating, drinking, or entertainment','\"a burger joint\"','2025-03-20','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2349,454,'to bolster','renforcer ','to support or strengthen','Tax cuts bolstered the government\'s popularity.\r\nThe fall in interest rates is starting to bolster confidence.','2025-03-20','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2350,454,'grabbed NBIM’s attention','attirer l’attention de quelqu’un','to cause one to become interested in something','You must grab the reader\'s attention from the first sentence.','2025-03-20','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2351,454,'upscale','haut de gamme','of very high quality and intended to be bought by people who are quite rich','An upscale brand name. \r\nThe old hotel has gone upscale in recent years.','2025-03-20','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2352,454,'whiplash','un coup de fouet','(here, slang) something that changes very suddenly and unexpectedly','I experienced emotional whiplash after that breakup; one moment I was fine, and the next, I was in tears.','2025-03-20','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2353,454,'foot traffic','circulation piétonne','people walking, pedestrian activity','If you\'re trying to bring in more foot traffic to a physical location, you need to show lots of pictures of your products.','2025-03-20','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2354,454,'boasts ','vanter (les mérites de), s\'enorgueillir','to express pride in oneself or one\'s accomplishments','Ireland boasts beautiful beaches, great restaurants, and friendly locals.\r\n','2025-03-20','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2355,454,'flaunts ','exhiber, (here) arborer','to present so as to invite notice or attention','Toyota likes to flaunt its greenness with hybrids.\r\nMy rich friend likes to flaunt his wealth.','2025-03-20','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2356,454,'scores of ','des dizaines de','a lot of people or things','Scores of victims were killed.','2025-03-20','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2357,454,'sprinkled around','disséminées','scattered','shops are sprinkled around the city','2025-03-20','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2358,452,'allow','autoriser','give (someone) permission to do something','The dissident was allowed to leave the country.','2025-03-31','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2359,455,'fairness','équité, justice','when things are right and equal for everyone','The king ruled the country with fairness and benevolence.','2025-03-28','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2360,455,'fair','équitable','marked by justice, honesty, and freedom from bias','\"Fair trade\" - \r\n\"The appraisal system must be fair and transparent.\"','2025-03-28','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2361,455,'rule','règle','what you must or must not do','The director set the rules for the project.','2025-03-28','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2362,455,'female','feminine','related to women','The composer\'s new music calls for female voices.','2025-03-28','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2363,455,'gender','sexe (homme/femme)','whether you are a man or woman','The survey asks respondents to specify their age and gender.','2025-03-28','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2364,455,'swab','un prélèvement','a small medical test','Throat swabs are used to diagnose infections','2025-03-28','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2365,455,'competing ','concourir','to take part in a contest','She competes for this title every year.','2025-03-28','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2366,455,' make sure ','s’assurer (que)','to take special care to do something','\"he made sure that his sons were well educated\"\r\n','2025-03-28','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2367,455,'uncomfortable','inconfortable','causing or feeling slight pain or physical discomfort:','\"his hard, uncomfortable bed\"\r\n','2025-03-28','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2368,455,'painful','douloureux','causing physical pain:','\"a painful knock\"\r\n','2025-03-28','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2369,456,'as per','selon','according to','The product must be used as per the manufacturer\'s directions.','2025-03-27','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2370,456,'used tyres ','pneus usagés','tyre: a thick rubber ring, fitted around the wheel of a vehicle; here tyres that have already experienced some degree of wear and tear','Used tyres are currently disposed in landfills. \r\n','2025-03-27','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2371,456,'furnaces','four','an enclosed structure in which material can be heated to very high temperatures, e.g. for smelting metals.','People who work with furnaces in a steel factory need to wear protective clothing.\r\n','2025-03-27','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2372,456,'are diverted to ','être détourné vers','to cause something or someone to change direction','Traffic will be diverted through the side streets while the main road is resurfaced.\r\nOur flight had to be diverted to Newark because of the storm.\r\n','2025-03-27','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2373,456,'Drone footage','images de drone','capturing photos and videos with the help of drones ','It is quite normal nowadays to have drone footage in any special events','2025-03-27','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2374,456,' health hazards','Risques pour la santé','a potential source of danger to a person\'s health:','\"asbestos exposure poses a health hazard\"\r\n','2025-03-27','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2375,456,'acknowledged that','reconnaître que','recognize the importance or quality of','Some States acknowledged that they required financial or technical assistance in this regard.','2025-03-27','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2376,456,'lax enforcement of regulations','application laxiste des réglementations','situation in which laws and regulations are not properly enforced or policed','The government has been criticized for its lax enforcement of environmental regulations, leading to increased pollution.\r\n\r\n','2025-03-27','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2377,456,' recycling facilities','installations de recyclage','infrastructure that collects, sorts and processes recyclable materials','We use an inventory system at our recycling facilities to manage the dismantling of the cars. \r\n','2025-03-27','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2378,456,'plants ','usine','a place where an industrial or manufacturing process takes place:','The plant has reached its maximal level of production.\r\n','2025-03-27','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2379,457,'altering the wording','reformuler','rewrite something in a different way','Let’s alter the wording into positive terms.\r\n','2025-04-03','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2380,457,'has spun yarns','raconter une histoire','to tell a story, either to deceive someone or for entertainment','She managed to spin a convincing yarn about why she was so late.','2025-04-03','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2381,457,'was looking into the matter','examiner la question',' to investigate something, or to urge someone else to do so','\"The company will look into the matter and determine a resolution as soon as possible.\"','2025-04-03','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2382,457,'prank ','farce, canular','a practical joke or mischievous act:',' \"he tried to play a prank on her\" · \"a teenager pulled a prank on his friends\"\r\n','2025-04-03','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2383,457,' had been picked up','être repris par','(phrasal verb) to pick up a story: to use a story and spread it','His story was picked up by the world\'s media\r\n','2025-04-03','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2384,457,'reportedly ','prétendument, selon certaines sources','according to what some say (used to express the speaker\'s belief that the information given is not necessarily true)','\"he was in El Salvador, reportedly on his way to Texas\"\r\n','2025-04-03','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2385,457,' come across','tomber sur','(phrasal verb) to find something by accident','\"I came across these old photos recently\" \r\n','2025-04-03','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2386,457,' pointed out','souligner','(phrasal verb) say something to make someone aware of a fact or circumstance','\"she pointed out that his van had been in the car park all day\" \r\n','2025-04-03','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2387,457,' had struck deals','conclure des accords','to successfully achieve a deal or agreement','We struck a deal with her for $50,000, to be paid, interest-free, over the next 30 years','2025-04-03','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2388,457,' had put him off','décourager, rebuter','(phrasal verb) to make you dislike something or not want to do something','\"Don’t let the restaurant’s decor put you off – the food is really good.\" - \r\n\"Don’t let your failures put you off trying harder.\"','2025-04-03','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2389,458,'pulled out of','se retirer de','retreat from, after a period of initial interest, withdraw from','After a two-month negotiation, states couldn’t find an agreement and pulled out of the plan to adopt diesel rule','2025-04-11','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2390,458,'unfit for purpose','inadapté','useless, ineffective, or inadequate for its intended purpose','Your car is so old and broken down, it\'s unfit for purpose.','2025-04-11','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2391,458,'a watered-down version','une version édulcorée','an idea, opinion, or concept that has been made less extreme or diluted. It is often done to make it more acceptable to a wider audience','After a heated debate a considerably watered-down version of the amendment was approved. ','2025-04-11','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2392,458,'squandered a golden opportunity','gaspiller une occasion en or','(idiom) to waste an occasion that presents itself as being particularly advantageous','The British Government squandered a golden opportunity to achieve a fairer distribution of rural development funds','2025-04-11','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2393,458,' a blanket tax','une taxe générale',' represents a uniform tax rate applied to imported goods across multiple categories or countries. ','He has set a new economic agenda in which public spending matters more than blanket tax cuts.\r\n\r\n','2025-04-11','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2394,458,'internationally mandated','imposés au niveau international','a rule or an action that has been approved at a global level','an internationally mandated peace-keeping mission\r\n','2025-04-11','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2395,458,'to be put to a vote','soumettre au vote','to let people make a decision by voting','We have our two options on how to proceed, so let\'s put it to a vote.\r\nThe only fair way to decide is to put it to the vote.','2025-04-11','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2396,458,' be bound to','être tenu de','to have a moral or legal duty to do something','She is not legally bound to pay the debts, but she has agreed to do it anyway.','2025-04-11','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2397,458,' carrots and sticks','le bâton et la carotte (métaphore)','using both rewards (carrots) and punishments (sticks) to encourage people to do something or behave in a certain way','Companies are slowly learning that the carrot-and-stick approach to management is ineffective—employees are much more motivated to do a better job when they are recognized for their hard work.\r\nI\'ve always believed that the carrot-and-stick method of coaching is the best way to achieve results with your team.\r\n','2025-04-11','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2398,458,' turn the tide','inverser la tendance, renverser la situation','To reverse a situation','The arrival of reinforcements turned the tide in the battle.\r\nThe Council\'s unanimous and speedy reaction helped to turn the tide. ','2025-04-11','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2399,459,'decades','décennie','ten years','Over the last decade, a lot of things have changed.','2025-04-19','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2400,459,'bloodbath','un bain de sang','(metaphor) a very bad situation for something','The government seem determined to continue in the face of an electoral bloodbath.\r\nWe know there will be a bloodbath of job cuts in January and February.','2025-04-19','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2401,459,'wealthy ','(très) riche','having a lot of money ','She has a luxury villa in a wealthy area.','2025-04-19','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2402,459,'tariffs ','taxe à l’import ',' a tax on goods and other things coming into a country','The country imposes tariffs on all imports of raw materials.','2025-04-19','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2403,459,'trade wars ',' guerre commerciale ',' when countries fight about buying and selling things ','A trade war between the United States and China presents a risk to global growth.','2025-04-19','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2404,459,'a wealth of ','Une myriade de, une foule de',' A lot of money and things; here: a great amount of ','A wealth of information helps her make the best decisions for her company\r\n','2025-04-19','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2405,459,'struggle',' lutte, combat ',' a fight','I support the struggle against poverty.\r\n','2025-04-19','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2406,459,'bullying','Intimidation, harcèlement','When someone hurts or scares someone else again and again ','Bullying is strictly prohibited at school.','2025-04-19','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2407,459,'dropped ','chuter','to decrease','the prices are dropping due to competition','2025-04-19','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2408,459,'to fix ','réparer','to repair','\"you\'ve forgotten to fix that shelf\"\r\n','2025-04-19','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2409,460,'doomed ','maudit, voué à l\'échec ','ill-fated, likely to have an unfortunate and inescapable outcome ','Regions that were not capable of innovating were doomed to failure.\r\ndoomed love - doomed fate','2025-04-09','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2410,460,'boiler room','salle des chaudières ','a compartment in a ship containing a boiler and related heating or steam-generating equipment ','Engine and boiler rooms shall have two exits of which one may be an emergency exit.\r\n ','2025-04-09','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2411,460,'digital twin','jumeau numérique',' a virtual representation of a real-world object or system','Technologies for mapping the \"digital twin\" have been under development for approximately 20 years.\r\n\r\n','2025-04-09','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2412,460,'unsinkable','insubmersible','(of a ship or boat) unable to be sunk:','\"the supposedly unsinkable ship hit an iceberg\"\r\n','2025-04-09','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2413,460,'voyage ','voyage (généralement en mer)','a long journey, especially by ship','He was a young sailor on his first sea voyage.\r\n','2025-04-09','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2414,460,'shipwreck ','naufrage','the destruction of a ship at sea by sinking or breaking up, for example in a storm or after striking a rock','Luckily, the storm at sea did not cause any shipwrecks.\r\n','2025-04-09','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2415,460,'assumptions ','Hypothèses','a thing that is accepted as true or as certain to happen, without proof:','\"they made certain assumptions about the market\" · \"we\'re working on the assumption that the time of death was after midnight\"\r\n','2025-04-09','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2416,460,'insights ','aperçus','the capacity to gain an accurate and deep understanding of someone or something:','\"his mind soared to previously unattainable heights of insight\"\r\n','2025-04-09','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2417,460,'fateful ','fatidique','having far-reaching and often disastrous consequences or implications:','\"a fateful oversight\"\r\n','2025-04-09','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2418,460,'was violently torn apart','mettre qqch. en pièces','to tear something apart (phrasal verb) to pull something so violently that it breaks into two or more pieces','The storm tore the boat apart.\r\n','2025-04-09','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2419,461,'power ','electricite','to provide a machine with energy and the ability to operate','there has been a power cut since this morning','2025-05-02','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2420,461,'blackout ','panne de courant','A complete interruption or loss of electrical power in a certain area.','Power lines were blown down and we had a blackout of several hours.\r\n','2025-05-02','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2421,461,'grounded planes','clouer des avions au sol','planes are not allowed to fly','The fog and the lack of visibility grounded planes at the Montreal Airport','2025-05-02','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2422,461,' traffic lights','feux de circulation','a set of red, yellow, and green lights that control the movement of vehicles','Turn left at the traffic lights.\r\nThe traffic lights turned green as we approached the junction.','2025-05-02','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2423,461,'traffic jams','embouteillages, bouchons','too many cars on a road','Despite the traffic jam, we arrived on time.','2025-05-02','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2424,461,' badly affected','gravement affecté','being influenced or impacted in a severe and harmful way. It can describe negative consequences on a person, situation, or outcome.','The company has been badly affected by the sanctions.\r\n','2025-05-02','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2425,461,'due to','causé par','caused by','This child\'s fever is due to malaria.\r\n','2025-05-02','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2426,461,'failure ','défaillance, panne','the action or state of not functioning:','The technician fixed the electric failure.\r\n','2025-05-02','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2427,461,'blame ','rendre responsable, accuser','feel or declare that (someone or something) is responsible for a fault or wrong:','\"the inquiry blamed the train driver for the accident\"\r\n','2025-05-02','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2428,461,'weak','fragile, faible','fragile','Weak economic growth can lead to stagnation','2025-05-02','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2429,462,'cabinet','cabinet','(in the UK, Canada, and other Commonwealth countries) the committee of senior ministers responsible for controlling government policy:','\"the change in policy is being implemented by the cabinet\" · \"the plan was approved by the Cabinet on Monday\" · \"a cabinet meeting\"\r\n','2025-04-29','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2430,462,'constituency','circonscription','a group of voters in a specified area who elect a representative to a legislative body:','\"most politicians are more interested in the voice of their constituency\"\r\n','2025-04-29','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2431,462,' whether or not','que ce soit ou non','option or possibility/ used for saying that it is not important which of two possibilities is true:','Whether or not you like it, I’m going out tonight.\r\nWhether he wants to or not, he\'ll have to clean his room.','2025-04-29','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2432,462,'to pick','choisir','to choose ','He\'s been picked for the school football team.','2025-04-29','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2433,462,'was sworn in','prêter serment','admit someone to a particular office or position by directing them to take a formal oath','\"he was sworn in as president on 10 July\"','2025-04-29','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2434,462,'resigned','démissionner','to give up a job or position','He resigned from the committee.\r\nHe resigned from the company in order to take a more challenging job.\r\n','2025-04-29','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2435,462,'a full term','un mandat complet','the time when a person holds a job or position of authority especially in the government','The president may not succeed himself in re-election after having served one full term of office. ','2025-04-29','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2436,462,'steep ','abrupte','very large or rapid:','\"the steep rise in unemployment\"\r\n','2025-04-29','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2437,462,' a surge','une augmentation','an increase','a surge in petrol prices ','2025-04-29','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2438,462,' deputy governor','gouverneur adjoint','any person who performs the functions of the office of Governor-General ',' The Governor and deputy Governor are appointed by the Board of Directors with the approval of government for a period of seven years .','2025-04-29','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2439,463,'are nudging ','pousser à, encourager à','to encourage or persuade someone to do something in a gentle or indirect way','My mentor nudged me in the right direction.','2025-04-24','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2440,463,'to shift focus from pedigree to practical skill','mettre l\'accent sur les compétences pratiques plutôt que sur le pedigree','to change the center or main point of attention or effort to something different','In her speech, she urged everyone to shift the focus from problems to solutions.\r\n\r\n','2025-04-24','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2441,463,' have been left behind','être laissé pour compte','to remain at a lower level than others','We\'re going to be left behind by the rest of the world.\r\nInflation has left them way behind.','2025-04-24','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2442,463,' warns against','mettre en garde contre','To caution (someone) not to do something that is dangerous or risky. ','Danger symbols, prohibition and requirement signs warn against possible injuries. ','2025-04-24','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2443,463,'It’s shortsighted','Il est peu judicieux','not thinking enough about how an action will affect the future','The existence of hunger in a world of plenty is not just a moral outrage; it is also shortsighted from an economic viewpoint.','2025-04-24','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2444,463,'exposure to','exposition à','the fact of experiencing something or being affected by it because of being in a particular situation or place:','According to received wisdom, exposure to low level radioactivity is harmless.\r\nWe know that prolonged exposure to vibration can weaken aircraft components.\r\nShe gradually became deaf after lengthy exposure to noise in the workplace.','2025-04-24','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2445,463,'a hotbed','un foyer, un vivier','a place or situation where a lot of a particular activity is happening or might happen','Seattle is a hotbed of software publishing.','2025-04-24','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2446,463,' like-minded','partageant les mêmes idées','sharing the same opinions, ideas, or interests','The Internet and social networking have made it easier for communities of like-minded people to bypass geography and voice collective concerns.\r\n','2025-04-24','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2447,463,'dropped out of','abandonner (ses études)','(phrasal verb) to stop doing something before you have completely finished','She dropped out of college and gave birth to her daughter.','2025-04-24','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2448,463,'a pink slip','une lettre de licenciement ',' (USA) a letter of dismissal ','Thousands of workers, specialists and scientists were handed pink slips.','2025-04-24','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2449,464,'space junk','déchets spatiaux, débris spatiaux ','old or broken things in space','The most common cause of space junk is explosions.','2025-05-09','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2450,464,'rockets','fusée','a flying device shaped like a tube, a spacecraft','They launched a rocket to the planet Venus.\r\n','2025-05-09','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2451,464,'About ','environ','approximately','About 2000 people died in the flooding.','2025-05-09','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2452,464,'crash into ','s\'écraser sur ','to hit','He lost control of your vehicle and crashed into a tree.','2025-05-09','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2453,464,'break apart ','se disloquer ','(phrasal verb) to split into smaller pieces ','This metal tends to break apart. ','2025-05-09','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2454,464,'add','ajouter','to put something more with other things   ',' She adds sugar to her coffee','2025-05-09','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2455,464,'tools ','outils','something that helps you to do a particular activity','A hammer is a simple tool.\r\nMathematics can be a tool for other subjects.','2025-05-09','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2456,464,'removing','  retirer, ôter  ','to take away   ',' He removed the key from the lock.','2025-05-09','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2457,464,'belongs to','appartenir à','to be owned by somebody','The islands belong to Spain. \r\nThe future belongs to our children.','2025-05-09','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2458,464,'safety rules','règles de sécurité','regulations designed to prevent accidents, injuries, or harm','Safety rules in the workplace protect employees and customers.','2025-05-09','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2459,465,'phone-free','sans téléphone',' without phones',' In phone-free areas, cell phone communication is impossible.','2025-05-07','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2460,465,'lockable','verrouillable','that can be locked','A lockable door ensures more safety. \r\nAll our suitcases are lockable.\r\n','2025-05-07','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2461,465,'curb ','limiter, endiguer','to control or limit something that is not wanted','Economists have proposed measures to curb unemployment.\r\nYou really need to curb your spending.','2025-05-07','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2462,465,'pouches','pochette','a bag or soft container for a small object or a small amount of something','All our electric shavers are supplied with a free travel pouch.\r\n','2025-05-07','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2463,465,'moods','humeurs','the way you feel at a particular time','She\'s in a good/bad mood.\r\nHer mood seemed to change during the course of the conversation.','2025-05-07','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2464,465,'roll out ','   mettre en place, déployer, lancer  ','  to officially launch or introduce a new product or service   ','\"the firm rolled out its newest generation of supercomputers\" \r\n“The company rolled out its services all over the country \r\n\r\n ','2025-05-07','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2465,465,'to follow suit','suivre l’exemple, imiter    ','to do the same as someone else  ','The interns started using the new software, and the rest of the team decided to follow suit. \r\n\r\n ','2025-05-07','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2466,465,'convener ','organisateur   ','a person whose job it is to call people together for meetings of a committee   ','The Council has a role as coordinator, convener, forum for policy dialogue and forger of consensus ','2025-05-07','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2467,465,'wellbeing','bien-être','the state of feeling healthy and happy:','People doing yoga benefit from an increased feeling of well-being.\r\n','2025-05-07','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2468,465,'carers','soignant','someone who takes care of a person who is young, old, ill, or disabled','A live-in carer takes care of my elderly mother.\r\n','2025-05-07','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2469,466,'subsidies','subvention','a sum of money granted by the government or a public body to assist an industry or business so that the price of a commodity or service may remain low or competitive ','\"a farm subsidy\" · \"the rail service now operates without subsidy\"','2025-05-21','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2470,466,'a glut','  surabondance, excès   ','an excessive quantity, oversupply   ','The glut of dairy products caused a price decrease. \r\nThe savings glut caused a capital shortage. ','2025-05-21','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2471,466,'financial incentives','incitations financières   ','monetary benefits offered to encourage actions or behaviors that would not have occurred otherwise  ','Financial incentives, including subsidies, are needed to encourage the use of renewable energy sources ','2025-05-21','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2472,466,'had only been tapped','être utilisé, exploité   ',' to be selected for some particular opportunity   ','Far from being waste, used aluminium is a raw material, a resource to be tapped. ','2025-05-21','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2473,466,'staple','aliment de base','a basic dietary item, such as flour, rice, or corn','The grocery store sells staples such as rice and potatoes.','2025-05-21','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2474,466,'deals a fresh blow to','porte un (nouveau) coup à','to hit (someone or something) so as to cause harm - usually used figuratively','He dealt his enemy a mighty blow.\r\nThe factory closing will deal a devastating blow to the town\'s economy.\r\nUrbanization has dealt a blow to an essentially rural-based political organization.\r\n','2025-05-21','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2475,466,'soaring cost','flambée du coût','rising cost','The soaring price of natural gas is a serious concern, since many power plants are fuelled by it.\r\n','2025-05-21','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2478,466,'stockpiles ','stocks','a large amount of food, goods, or weapons that are kept ready for future use:','They have a stockpile of weapons and ammunition that will last several months.\r\n','2025-05-21','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2479,466,'auctioned ','vendre aux enchères','to sell at a publicly held sale of goods or property, where people make higher and higher bids','The famous painting was auctioned at a very high price.','2025-05-21','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2480,466,'livestock ','bétail','animals and birds that are kept on a farm, such as cows, sheep, or chickens','The organic livestock industry has grown substantially in the last few years.','2025-05-21','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2481,467,'is cutting hundreds of jobs','supprimer des emplois ','to reduce the number of jobs','The company plans to cut 25,000 jobs','2025-06-06','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2482,467,'reduce costs','réduire les coûts','to decrease the expenses','A way of making a profit is to reduce costs.','2025-06-06','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2483,467,'job losses',' pertes d\'emplois ',' a situation in which people lose their jobs ','Car plants and factories have seen major job losses.','2025-06-06','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2484,467,'spokesperson ','un porte-parole','a person who speaks on behalf of a group or organization','I am the spokesperson for the demonstrators.','2025-06-06','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2485,467,'at a rapid pace','à un rythme rapide','extremely quickly','The research was conducted at a rapid pace.','2025-06-06','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2486,467,' efficiently ','efficacement','with success and competence','They recycle waste cheaply and efficiently.\r\n','2025-06-06','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2487,467,'fuelling ','encourager','to stimulate and support','The teacher provided examples to fuel the discussion.','2025-06-06','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2488,467,'healthy','sain, en bonne santé','in good health','The family is the basis of any healthy society.\r\n','2025-06-06','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2489,467,'huge ','énorme','enormous','He made a huge mistake.\r\n','2025-06-06','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2490,467,'owns ','posséder','to have, to possess','His father owns a restaurant.\r\n','2025-06-06','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2491,468,'mandated by',' exigé par (la loi) ','required by a law or rule ','Some vaccines are mandated by law in order to protect the health and welfare of the public.','2025-05-25','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2492,468,' retirement age','âge de la retraite',' the age at which a person stops working and begins to receive financial support from their pension','The most common normal retirement age is age 65.','2025-05-25','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2493,468,'apply to ','s\'appliquer à','to involve','The rules apply equally to all.\r\n','2025-05-25','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2494,468,' blue-collar jobs','les cols bleus','positions that involve manual labor or skilled trades, typically in industries such as manufacturing, construction, and maintenance. ','There is a dire shortage of blue-collar workers in the United States. ','2025-05-25','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2495,468,'white-collar jobs ','les cols blancs','higher-paid, higher-skilled positions that typically require more education and training than manual labor jobs','For white collar jobs, the most common cause of claim is mental health disorder. ','2025-05-25','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2496,468,'amid ','dans un contexte','in an atmosphere or against a background of','The president cancelled his visit amid speculation that his health was failing.\r\n','2025-05-25','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2497,468,' life expectancy','espérance de vie','the average lifespan of an individual','Improvements in diet have resulted in greater life expectancy for many people\r\n','2025-05-25','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2498,468,' proper welfare','protection sociale adéquate','government programs providing financial assistance and support services','The State protects human rights and guarantees proper welfare.','2025-05-25','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2499,468,' media release','communiqué de presse','an official statement delivered to the news media','The President is expected to have a media release soon','2025-05-25','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2500,468,' to hike','augmenter','to increase (negative meaning)','The company suddenly hiked their prices.','2025-05-25','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2501,469,'wafting ','se disperser, flotter','to move gently through the air ','A fragrance wafted over to them.','2025-05-30','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2502,469,'unexpectedly ',' de manière inattendue ',' surprisingly ','Our guests arrived unexpectedly early.','2025-05-30','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2504,469,'a silver bullet','solution miracle',' (idiom) something that provides an immediate and extremely effective solution to a given problem or difficulty','There is no silver bullet; it will take time to solve the problem','2025-05-30','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2505,469,'blast','explosion','an explosion','Luckily, nobody was hurt in the blast.\r\n','2025-05-30','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2506,469,'mudslides ','glissements de terrain','a mass of mud and other earthy material that is falling or has fallen down a hillside or other slope.','The vice president surveyed the damage today from flooding and mudslides.\r\n','2025-05-30','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2507,469,'ashfalls','chutes de cendre','a deposit of volcanic ash','Ashfalls from volcanoes in Montana and Idaho, covered everything and fossilized the plants.','2025-05-30','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2508,469,' to pinpoint ','identifier','to discover or show exactly where it is.','They tried to pinpoint the source of the signal.','2025-05-30','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2509,469,'lush','luxuriant','abundant, green, flourishing, lavish  ','The garden was covered with lush vegetation.','2025-05-30','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2510,469,'host ','abriter','to provide the things that are needed','The new building can host 25 families.','2025-05-30','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2511,469,'space-borne','spatial','Carried by a spacecraft','a spaceborne surveillance system\r\n','2025-05-30','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2512,470,'a ban ','interdiction   ','a rule that says something is not allowed  ','The government introduced a ban on smoking in public places. ','2025-06-25','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2513,470,'video recording','enregistrement video','using a camera to make a movie or video   ','The video management software is used for video recording. ','2025-06-25','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2514,470,'privacy concerns',' préoccupations relatives à la protection de la vie privée   ','keeping information secret and not sharing it  ','This is going to raise privacy concerns in several countries.','2025-06-25','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2515,470,'breach',' enfreindre  ','to break a rule or agreement  ','The company did not breach any laws. ','2025-06-25','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2516,470,'union','syndicat   ','a group of workers who come together to protect their rights  ','My colleague is a member of the union. ','2025-06-25','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2517,470,'handed over','remettre  ','(phrasal verb) to give something to someone   ','Receipts are handed over to buyers.','2025-06-25','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2518,470,'name badges',' badge nominatif, insigne d\'identité   ','small signs you wear on your shirt to show who you are or what you do  ','Name badges will be provided to participants. ','2025-06-25','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2519,470,'feel very uncomfortable ','être (très) mal à l\'aise  ','feeling worried or nervous   ','I felt very uncomfortable but was afraid to show it. ','2025-06-25','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2520,470,'health workers','agents de santé','someone who works in a hospital or health centre','\"The importance of health workers has increased a lot during the pandemic.\r\n','2025-06-25','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2521,470,'Medical staff','personnel médical','health professionals','The shortage of medical staff poses a major problem for healthcare policy.','2025-06-25','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2522,471,'is bracing for','se préparer à (affronter)  ',' to physically or mentally prepare oneself for something that is imminent   ','Due to recession, the country will have to brace for years of economic difficulties. ','2025-06-20','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2523,471,'widespread','très répandu','widely diffused or prevalent  ','The study is about the widespread use of mobile devices. ','2025-06-20','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2524,471,'has triggered ',' déclencher   ','to cause something to start   ','I think the measure will trigger positive changes. \r\n\r\n ','2025-06-20','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2525,471,'take a toll','avoir des effets néfastes ','to cause suffering, deaths, or damage  ','In the absence of proper work-life balance, burnout and turnover begin to take a toll. \r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n ','2025-06-20','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2526,471,'wildfires ','feux de forêt','large, destructive fires that spread quickly over woodland or brush.','Major wildfires have destroyed thousands of acres in Idaho.\r\n','2025-06-20','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2527,471,'drifted ','dériver','to move slowly, especially as a result of outside forces, with no control over direction','Without an anchor, the boat drifted on the lake.\r\n','2025-06-20','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2528,471,'bloodstream ','circulation sanguine','the flow of blood around the body','The drug works more quickly if it is injected directly into the bloodstream.\r\n','2025-06-20','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2529,471,'to worsen','aggraver','to become worse or to make something become worse','As the company\'s financial problems worsened, several directors resigned.\r\n','2025-06-20','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2530,471,'forecasting ','prévoir','to predict the weather','The weatherman forecasts rain this weekend.\r\n','2025-06-20','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2531,471,'outbreaks ','(here) départs de feux','the sudden or violent start of something unwelcome, such as war, disease, etc.','Most outbreaks of fire have electrical and mechanical causes. ','2025-06-20','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2532,472,'worked my way up',' gravir les échelons ','(idiom) to make progress in a process or structure   ','He started as an office junior and worked his way up through the company to become a senior manager. ','2025-06-11','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2533,472,'screening interview','entrevue de sélection','a brief event in the hiring process to evaluate a candidate\'s suitability for a job  ','If we select your resumé, you will undergo an initial pre-screening interview by telephone. \r\n\r\n ','2025-06-11','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2534,472,'The next round','(here) l’étape suivante   ',' (here) the following step','He has now completed his round robin competition and will have to wait and see if he advances to the next round. \r\n\r\n ','2025-06-11','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2535,472,'move forward with ','continuer, avancer, progresser   ',' (phrasal verb) to advance in position or progress  ','Increasingly, the women with whom we work want to move forward with legal processes with the aim of obtaining justice. ','2025-06-11','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2536,472,'unsettling','déstabilisant, perturbant','causing worry or anxiety','Immigrating to a new country can be a difficult and unsettling experience.\r\n','2025-06-11','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2537,472,'distracting','qui déconcentre','making it difficult for someone to give their attention to something','Flash photography can be distracting for stage actors.\r\n','2025-06-11','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2538,472,'attire','tenue','clothes, especially of a particular or formal type:','I hardly think jeans are appropriate attire for a wedding.\r\n','2025-06-11','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2539,472,'scoring ','noter','(here) to assess by giving points','In practice, it is recommended that tenders be scored for a given criterion one after another, rather than scoring each tender for all criteria before moving on to the next.\r\n','2025-06-11','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2540,472,'ranked ','classer','to assign a particular position, higher or lower than others','The magazine ranks actors according to their wealth. \r\nThe champion ranked third in the competition. \r\nThe project manager ranked the offers according to price. ','2025-06-11','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2541,472,'a collared shirt','chemise à col','a type of shirt that features a collar','Our dress code is glamorous - no hats, caps, t-shirts, sport trainers or chains; smart jeans only and collared shirt are essential for gentlemen.','2025-07-03','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2542,473,'time off','congés, temps libre ',' the time when a person is not at work  ','I like to play golf during my time off. ','2025-07-03','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2543,473,'abuse','abuser (de)','to use in a wrong way   ','An honest politician would never abuse his power.','2025-07-03','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2544,473,'policy','politique, stratégie  ','a set of ideas or a plan for action of a business or organization  ','The company is working on an energy safety policy.','2025-07-03','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2545,473,'PTO','  jour de congés','‘Paid time off’ or ‘personal time off’  ','PTO is a policy that provides flexible leaves. ','2025-07-03','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2546,473,'pitfalls',' écueil, piège','an unexpected danger or difficulty   ','The key to success is avoiding pitfalls. ','2025-07-03','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2547,473,'productivity',' productivité','how much business a company does   ','A good work environment helps to boost productivity. ','2025-07-03','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2548,473,'Currently','Actuellement   ','at the moment, at the present time  ','I was born in Italy, but I currently live in China. ','2025-07-03','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2549,473,'vacation','vacances','holiday','I am always relaxed after taking a vacation.','2025-07-03','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2550,473,'trusts','avoir confiance','to have confidence in something, or to believe in someone','My boss trusts me a lot.','2025-07-03','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2551,473,'However','néanmoins','but, nevertheless','The weather is nice today. However, it is going to rain tomorrow.\r\n','2025-07-03','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2552,474,'crops','récoltes','a cultivated plant that is grown on a large scale commercially, especially a cereal, fruit, or vegetable','The storm threatens to destroy the crops.','2025-07-03','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2553,474,'to speed up',' accélérer   ','to move or work more quickly  ','This medicine will speed up the healing process. ','2025-07-03','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2554,474,'popularity spike','pic','a sharp increase in the magnitude or concentration of something','The graph shows a spike in interest rates. ','2025-07-03','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2555,474,'has smashed gaming records','battre des records','to smash a record means to do something much faster, better, etc. than anyone has done before','The film smashed all box office records.\r\n','2025-07-03','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2556,474,'seeds','graines','the small part of a plant that can grow into a new plant','Plants that grow from seeds have flowers. \r\n','2025-07-03','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2557,474,'currency','devise','a system of money in general use in a particular country','The dollar was a strong currency.\r\n','2025-07-03','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2558,474,'sprouted','1. germer - 2. pousser comme des champignons','1. (plants) to begin to grow - 2. (informal) to begin to exist','1. It takes about three days for the seeds to sprout. - 2. New factories have sprouted up everywhere.','2025-07-03','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2559,474,'record held by','record détenu par','to hold a record (collocation) means to be the best or fastest at doing something','She holds the world record.','2025-07-03','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2560,474,'has fostered','favoriser, encourager','to encourage the development of (something, especially something desirable)','Team sports foster cooperation between players.\r\n','2025-07-03','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2561,474,'payouts','paiements, gains','a large payment of money, especially as compensation or a dividend','The investment will produce a significant payout.\r\n','2025-07-03','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2562,475,'usher in a new era','inaugurer une nouvelle ère','to introduce something new','The treaty ushered in a new era of peace in the region. ','2025-07-03','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2563,475,'lavish','somptueux, opulent  ','sumptuously rich, elaborate, or luxurious   ','The ambassador always gives lavish gifts to his guests. ','2025-07-03','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2564,475,'eventually','finalement ','finally','\"eventually, after midnight, I arrived at the hotel\"','2025-07-03','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2565,475,'to break even','atteindre le seuil de rentabilité, équilibrer son budget','to have neither profit nor loss','We have sold enough products to break even.','2025-07-03','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2566,475,'ailing economy','économie en difficulté','an economy that is unhealthy, weak, and not getting any better','A radical approach is needed to boost our ailing economy.','2025-07-03','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2567,475,' lifted a ban','lever une interdiction','to remove a restriction or prohibition','The government has lifted the ban on public gatherings, allowing people to come together again.','2025-07-03','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2568,475,' to resume','reprendre','to start something again after a pause or period of time','She has already resumed her work','2025-07-03','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2569,475,'reluctant ','réticent','not wanting to do something and therefore slow to do it','She seemed reluctant to answer.\r\n','2025-07-03','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2570,475,'remain stalled','rester bloqué','This phrase is used to indicate that the rate has stopped or is not progressing','The interest rate remains stalled at 2%.','2025-07-03','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2571,475,' flare-up of tensions','exacerbation, flambée','flare-up of something (collocation) means an occasion when something such as violence or anger suddenly starts or gets much worse','The relative calm has been broken by a flare-up of violence.','2025-07-03','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2572,476,'makeover',' rénovation, restauration  ',' a big change or improvement  ','The restaurant needs an interior makeover. ','2025-08-20','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2573,476,'fortress','forteresse, château ','a very strong building   ','The soldiers successfully defended the fortress. ','2025-08-20','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2574,476,' basement',' sous-sol   ','the floor of a building which is below the ground  ','I keep my tools in the basement. ','2025-08-20','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2575,476,'wool','laine','the soft, curly hair of a sheep or goat ','Never dry wool in the tumble dryer. \r\n\r\n ','2025-08-20','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2576,476,'levels','niveau','the amount or number of something','The water level had risen after the rain.','2025-08-20','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2577,476,'battlements','rempart','a wall around the top of a castle','This battlement represents the City Walls. \r\n','2025-08-20','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2578,476,'wheelchairs ','fauteuil roulant','a chair on wheels for disabled people','A ramp allows wheelchairs to access the building.','2025-08-20','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2579,476,'pushchairs ','poussette','a small chair on wheels for babies or young children','The mother pushed the baby in the pushchair around the park.\r\n','2025-08-20','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2580,476,'furniture','meubles, mobilier','all the things that are in the house, such as tables, chairs, or beds.','I need to buy furniture for my new house.\r\n','2025-08-20','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2581,476,'the Middle Ages','le Moyen Âge','the medieval period that lasted approximately from the 5th to the late 15th centuries','The Middle Ages saw the establishment of powerful kingdoms and the spread of Christianity throughout Europe.\r\n','2025-08-20','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2582,477,'fraying','endommager, détériorer','to wear (material) into loose threads at the edge or end - 2. (here: metaphorical meaning) to damage','Replace any item that is cut or frayed, or that has bent pins.\r\nAmerican relations with Russia and China have deteriorated, frayed by the air war over Kosovo.','2025-08-20','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2583,477,'delusional beliefs ',' convictions délirantes  ','fixed, false beliefs that conflict with reality   ','Delusional disorder is an illness mainly affects people\'s thoughts (delusional beliefs). ','2025-08-20','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2584,477,'Simply put','en bref','in a clear and straightforward manner  ','Simply put, the party was a success. ','2025-08-20','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2585,477,'vibe coding',' littéralement \"programmation au ressenti\", c\'est une façon de créer des logiciels où l\'on explique à une IA ce que l\'on veut dans un langage naturel, et l\'IA écrit le code pour nous.    ','an innovative approach to software development that leverages AI-powered tools in order to generate, refine, and debug code.  ','While vibe coding offers numerous advantages, it also raises concerns about data privacy, security risks, and code quality. ','2025-08-20','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2586,477,'to spearhead','diriger','to lead an organized activity or project','He\'s spearheading a project to start rebuilding the hospital. \r\nThe manager must spearhead the negotiations. ','2025-08-20','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2587,477,'Seemingly ','apparemment','apparently','Why are some airports seemingly more secure than others?\r\n','2025-08-20','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2588,477,'hallmarks ','caractéristiques','a typical characteristic or feature of a person or thing:',' It has all the hallmarks of a successful movie.','2025-08-20','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2589,477,'distorting ','déformer, fausser','to change the shape of something so that it looks strange or unnatural:','Prejudices sometimes distort the truth.\r\nAn error in the experiment distorted the results.','2025-08-20','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2590,477,'guardrails','garde-fou','a barrier to protect people from danger','When the height of the platform is under 60 cm, a guardrail is not required.\r\n','2025-08-20','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2591,477,'advocate for ','défendre','to publicly support or suggest an idea, development, or way of doing something:','He advocates the return of capital punishment.\r\n','2025-08-20','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2592,478,'to hinge on','dépendre de, reposer sur','(phrasal verb)  to depend on something completely  ','The success or failure of most retail businesses will hinge on the owner\'s selectivity and judgment in picking the right location.','2025-08-20','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2593,478,'underpins',' sous-tendre','to support or strengthen from below   ','These principles underpin the partnership with patients, families, and caregivers in the planning and delivery of services.','2025-08-20','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2594,478,'it’s long overdue','c\'est attendu depuis longtemps','not done or happening when expected or when needed; late:','Changes to the tax system are long overdue.\r\n','2025-08-20','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2595,478,' set out to','entreprendre','to start an activity with a particular aim','They set out to discover a cure for cancer.\r\n','2025-08-20','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2596,478,'on the spot','(ici) sur-le-champ, immédiatement','(here) immediately','These questions could not be answered on the spot.\r\n','2025-08-20','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2597,478,'unforgiving ','impitoyable','not willing to forgive people for things they do wrong:','My wife is unforgiving by nature.\r\n','2025-08-20','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2598,478,'stamina ','endurance','endurance','The triathlon is a great test of stamina.','2025-08-20','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2599,478,'unrelenting ','implacable','extremely determined; never becoming weaker or admitting defeat:','She will be remembered as an unrelenting opponent of racial discrimination.\r\n','2025-08-20','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2600,478,'skimming ','survoler','to check briefly','I quickly skimmed the document.\r\n','2025-08-20','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2601,478,'must-haves','(here) ses propres exigences','essential or highly desirable items','How to evaluate cloud offerings, and the must-haves for your organization.','2025-08-20','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2602,479,'deliveries',' livraison','bringing letters or parcels to someone  ','Unfortunately, there has been a delay in delivery.','2025-09-05','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2603,479,'profitable','rentable','making money or giving a financial benefit ','Summer is the shop\'s most profitable season.','2025-09-05','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2604,479,'online mailboxes','boîte aux lettres en ligne','a place on the internet where you get letters or messages','An online mailbox allows you to store emails.','2025-09-05','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2605,479,'trend',' tendance','a general change   ','This trend is likely to continue.','2025-09-05','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2606,479,'dropped','chuter','to decrease','Prices have dropped significantly during the last few days ','2025-09-05','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2607,479,'workforce','effectifs, main-d\'oeuvre','the group of people who work in a company, industry, country, etc.:','The majority of factories in the region have a workforce of 50 to 100 people.\r\n','2025-09-05','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2608,479,'positions','postes','role or job','I applied for the position of sales manager.','2025-09-05','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2609,479,'parcel','colis','a package','The parcel was wrapped in plain brown paper.\r\n','2025-09-05','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2610,479,'go through','passer par','(phrasal verb) (here) to use a method or procedure','To buy seed and fertiliser, you have to go through the cooperatives.\r\n','2025-09-05','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2611,479,'fewer','moins de','(+ plural noun) a smaller number of persons or things','They need less time and fewer workers.\r\n','2025-09-05','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2612,480,'community-owned','propriété de la communauté','a community controls and benefits from resources or enterprises','Aboriginal businesses, both privately- and community-owned, are prominent in the renewable and non-renewable resource sectors.\r\n\r\n ','2025-09-01','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2613,480,'campaigned ','faire campagne','(for/against) to organize a series of activities to try to achieve something','He won the election in November by campaigning against a tax increase.','2025-09-01','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2614,480,'asset','actif','an item of property owned by a person or company','We declare our company\'s assets every year.\r\n','2025-09-01','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2615,480,'public shares','actions publiques','shares of a publicly traded company, which can be bought and sold on stock exchanges','Public shares are for the most part held by institutional investors.\r\n','2025-09-01','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2616,480,'be run by','être dirigé par','to manage a business','He runs the company together with his associates.\r\n','2025-09-01','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2617,480,'pull pints','tirer des bières','to serve beer','You were pulling pints in a pub!\r\n','2025-09-01','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2618,480,'venue ','lieu','the place where a public event or meeting happens:','The hotel is an ideal venue for conferences and business meetings.\r\nThe stadium has been specifically designed as a venue for World Cup matches.','2025-09-01','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2619,480,'unforeseen ','imprévu','not expected:','Due to unforeseen circumstances the cost of the improvements has risen by 20 percent.\r\n','2025-09-01','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2620,480,'Landlord ','Propriétaire','a person or organization that owns a building or an area of land and is paid by other people for the use of it:','The landlord had promised to redecorate the bedrooms before we moved in.\r\n','2025-09-01','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2621,480,'fund','fonds','an amount of money saved, collected, or provided for a particular purpose:','Contributions are being sought for the disaster fund.\r\n','2025-09-01','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2622,481,'military might',' puissance militaire','(noun) military power','These operations were as much a demonstration of capability and the will to act as of military might.','2025-09-02','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2623,481,'hosted','accueillir','to welcome','The mayor hosted a gala in the honor of the winners ','2025-09-02','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2624,481,'showcasing ','présenter','to exhibit, to display','The brand will showcase its new car models.','2025-09-02','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2625,481,'surrender ','capitulation','capitulation','The rebels are on the point of surrender.\r\n','2025-09-02','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2626,481,'displayed ','montrer, afficher','to arrange something or a collection of things so that it can be seen by the public','Family photographs were displayed on the wall.\r\n','2025-09-02','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2627,481,'sprawling ','(here) qui s\'étale, tentaculaire','(of a city) covered with buildings across a large area, often ones that have been added gradually over a period of time','Somewhere in this sprawling metropolis, there is a secret military laboratory.\r\n','2025-09-02','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2628,481,'Upheaval','bouleversement','(a) great change, causing or involving difficulty or trouble','The long garbage strike in 1970 caused much political upheaval.\r\n','2025-09-02','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2629,481,'hardware','matériel, (here) armement','tools, machinery, and other durable equipment','Much of our existing military hardware is obsolescent.','2025-09-02','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2630,481,'has been dubbed','être surnommé','to be given an unofficial name or nickname ','He has been dubbed Europe\'s last dictator.','2025-09-17','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2631,481,'fighter jets','avion de chasse, avion de combat ','military planes designed primarily for air-to-air combat','Fighter jets represent the pinnacle of speed, precision, and agility in modern aerial warfare.','2025-09-17','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2632,482,'framework','un cadre','a basic plan or structure','The president will present a new financial framework. ','2025-09-22','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2633,482,'Treasury Secretary','Secrétaire d\'Etat au Trésor (= ministre des finances)','(US) the government person in charge of money','The secretary of the treasury serves as the principal advisor to the president of the United States.\r\n\r\n ','2025-09-22','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2634,482,'parent company','société mère','the main company which owns or controls another company','The parent company and the subsidiaries are located in England.','2025-09-22','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2635,482,'delayed','reporter','(verb) to postpone','The meeting was delayed by one week.\r\n ','2025-09-22','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2636,482,'delay','report','when something happens later than planned','The judge agreed to a delay of the trial date. ','2025-09-22','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2637,482,'allow','permettre','to give permission','You\'re not allowed to talk during the exam.\r\n','2025-09-22','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2638,482,'support','soutenir, encourager','to agree with and give encouragement','My father supported the Labour Party all his life.\r\n','2025-09-22','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2639,482,'entertainment','divertissement','an event, performance, or activity designed to amuse people (shows, films, music)','There\'s not much in the way of entertainment in this town - just the cinema and a couple of pubs.\r\n','2025-09-22','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2640,482,'ban','interdiction','prohibition','The government introduced a ban on smoking in public places.','2025-09-22','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2641,482,'agreement','accord','a harmony of opinion, action, or character. It refers to a formal decision ','Both parties have now signed the agreement.','2025-09-22','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2642,483,'a pressing issue',' question urgente','an urgent matter','The sustainability of transport is a very pressing issue. ','2025-09-22','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2643,483,'deemed','jugé, considéré','considered in a specified way','The strike was deemed to be illegal.\r\nThe event was deemed a great success.','2025-09-22','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2644,482,'spliced together','associer, coller ensemble','to combine two or more different things in order to alter something or create something new','The book splices together the most memorable moments of three other books.','2025-09-22','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2645,483,'disrupting','perturber','to prevent something, especially a system, process, or event, from continuing as usual or as expected','Heavy snow disrupted travel into the city this morning.\r\nThe meeting was disrupted by a group of protesters.','2025-09-22','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2647,483,'unsettle ','déstabiliser','to disturb','These efforts unsettled nationalists in all camps.\r\nThe spread of the disease has unsettled the country.','2025-09-22','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2648,483,'enforces','appliquer','to make people obey a law','It isn\'t always easy for the police to enforce speed limits.','2025-09-22','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2649,483,' hype up','attiser, faire du battage médiatique','to publicize or promote something or someone, especially by extravagant, inflated, or misleading claims','The publicist hyped up the new movie. The marketers hyped the new clothing line up.\r\n','2025-09-22','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2650,483,'distorted','déformé','giving a misleading or false account or impression; misrepresented','This report gives a distorted view of the meeting.','2025-09-22','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2651,483,'comprehensive','complet, exhaustif, approfondi','of large scope; covering or involving much; inclusive.','We asked the expert for a comprehensive analysis.\r\nHere is the comprehensive list of forbidden products.\r\n\r\n','2025-09-22','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2652,483,'be spared','être épargné','to be saved from an unpleasant or damaging experience or outcome','No one will be spared from the increase of inflation.\r\nThe town was spared from the destruction by the hurricane.','2025-09-22','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2653,484,'get a root canal','(here) se faire arracher une dent','The slang meaning of \"get a root canal\" refers to undergoing a dental procedure to remove the infected pulp from a tooth\'s root. In informal contexts, it is used to describe a painful experience or a bad situation','Most people are as excited about winter\'s arrival as they are about getting root canal. ','2025-09-22','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2654,484,'job tenure','ancienneté professionnelle','the length of time an employee has worked for their current employer','Job tenure still remains the longest for males.','2025-09-22','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2655,484,'switch jobs','changer d\'emploi','To find and take a job with different duties','John is considering switching jobs to find more meaningful work.','2025-09-22','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2656,484,'job hoppers','personnes qui changent souvent d\'emploi','Someone who frequently changes jobs','Some employers view job hoppers as unreliable.','2025-09-22','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2657,484,'career path','parcours professionnel','the series of jobs or roles that constitute a person\'s career, especially one in a particular field','\"you never know how your first job might influence your career path\"\r\n','2025-09-22','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2658,484,'held an average of','tenir en moyenne','to maintain or sustain a certain level','The city holds an average of 20°C in October.\r\nThe stock has held an average of $150 per share over the past month.\r\n\r\n','2025-09-22','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2659,484,'drivers','facteur','a factor which causes a particular phenomenon to happen or develop','The hope of achieving such monopolies becomes the main driver of investment.','2025-09-22','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2660,484,'“gig” economy','économie des « petits boulots »','a labor market characterized by temporary, contract, and freelance jobs rather than permanent positions','Governments everywhere are looking to rein in the gig economy. \r\nThose in the \'gig economy\' are paid job by job.','2025-09-22','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2661,484,'spurred by','poussé par','encouraged by, caused by','The destruction of forests has been spurred by the increased need for farmland.\r\n','2025-09-22','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2662,484,'entry-level jobs','emplois de débutant','the lowest-level position in a specific discipline, company, or industry, often serving as the first step in a career path','John applied for an entry-level job at the marketing agency.\r\nHe decided to entry-level job hop to explore different career paths.','2025-09-22','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2663,485,'world-renowned ','de renommée mondiale','famous all over the world in a particular area of activity:','He is a world-renowned expert on food safety.\r\n','2025-10-07','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2664,485,'advocate','défenseur, partisan','a person who publicly supports or recommends a particular cause or policy','My uncle is a strong advocate for human rights. Mon oncle est un fervent défenseur des droits de l\'homme.\r\nI am an advocate for free trade.','2025-10-07','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2665,485,'passed away','décéder','(phrasal verb) die','She passed away at a young age','2025-10-07','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2666,485,'sustainable','durable','able to continue over a period of time','The ethical brand donates 10% of profits to support sustainable development.','2025-10-07','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2667,485,'talks','conférences','(here) conferences','He gave a talk on his visit to Malaysia.\r\n','2025-10-07','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2668,485,'caring for','prendre soin, protéger','to protect','We\'re caring for the planet in the interests of our children.\r\n','2025-10-07','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2669,485,'trust','confiance','the belief that someone is good and honest and will not harm you','Our relationship is based on trust and understanding.\r\n','2025-10-07','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2670,485,'behavior','comportement','a particular way of acting','Her behaviour is often appalling.\r\nHe was notorious for his violent and threatening behaviour.','2025-10-07','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2671,485,'knowledge','connaissance','skill in, understanding of, or information about something, which a person gets by experience or study','He has a limited knowledge of French.\r\nTo acquire knowledge.','2025-10-07','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2672,485,'deepened','approfondir','to make something deeper, or to become deeper','We will deepen cooperation to fight nuclear terrorism.\r\n','2025-10-07','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2673,486,'has fuelled','  alimenter, entretenir   ',' sustain or inflame (an intense feeling)  ','His resignation fuelled speculation of an imminent cabinet reshuffle.','2025-10-07','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2674,486,'lead','plomb','type of metal','Lead is classified as a heavy metal.','2025-10-07','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2675,486,'counterfeits','contrefaçons','a fake or unauthorized replica of a genuine product, such as money, documents, designer items, or other valuable goods','The counterfeits were seized by the police.\r\n','2025-10-07','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2676,486,'popped out','sortir brusquement ou apparaître de manière inattendue','to suddenly emerge or appear unexpectedly','The slice of bread popped out of the toaster.\r\nThe sun suddenly popped out from behind the clouds.\r\n','2025-10-07','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2677,486,'a choking hazard ','un risque d\'étouffement','any object small enough to obstruct a person\'s airway','Choking hazards include items such as small parts from toys, household objects and food items.','2025-10-07','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2678,486,'a lucky draw','un tirage au sort','a game where participants randomly select a prize',' At the end of the night, we held a lucky draw to select the winner of the grand prize. ','2025-10-07','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2679,486,'sealed ','fermé (hermétiquement), scellé','closed','The host opened the sealed envelope containing the names of the winners.\r\n','2025-10-07','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2680,486,'craze','engouement','an activity, style, or fashion that is very popular, usually for a short time','The craze for health foods has become big business.\r\n','2025-10-07','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2681,486,'quirky','excentrique','unusual in an attractive and interesting way','He was tall and had a quirky, off-beat sense of humour.','2025-10-07','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2682,486,'unboxing videos ','vidéos de déballage',' a type of video content where a person records themselves opening a package or product and showcasing its contents or features. ','Unboxing videos are incredibly popular nowadays and work best when a third party does the unboxing, as the audience can relate to them more easily.\r\n','2025-10-07','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2683,487,'tackle   ','s’attaquer à, lutter contre, affronter  ','to make an organized and determined attempt to deal with a problem, often a social problem such as crime or unemployment  ','The government is determined to tackle inflation. \r\nThe reform aims to tackle air pollution.  La réforme vise à combattre la pollution de l\'air ','2025-10-08','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2684,487,'harmful',' nocif, nuisible, dangereux','dangerous, causing or likely to cause harm','Sugar can be harmful to the teeth. \r\nHarmful chemicals. ','2025-10-08','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2685,487,'tackle','s’attaquer à, lutter contre, affronter','to make an organized and determined attempt to deal with a problem, often a social problem such as crime or unemployment','The government is determined to tackle inflation.\r\nThe reform aims to tackle air pollution.  ','2025-10-08','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2686,487,'paved the way','ouvrir la voie  ',' to make progress or development easier for something to happen. This idiom alludes to the literal act of paving a road, making it easier to travel on.  ','Her findings paved the way for developing a new vaccine. \r\n\r\nThe peace treaty paved the way for a new era of cooperation and friendship between the two countries. ','2025-10-08','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2687,487,'worked out how','(ici) comprendre comment','(phrasal verb - here) to understand how, to find a way','Dave had to work out how best to deal with a very high contrast range. ','2025-10-08','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2688,487,'to drill ','percer','to make a hole in something using a special tool','Drill three holes in the wall for the screws.\r\nThey are going to drill for oil nearby.','2025-10-08','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2689,487,'rods','tiges','a long, thin pole made of wood or metal','The concrete is strengthened with steel rods.\r\nHe was given a fishing rod for his birthday.','2025-10-08','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2690,487,' break down','décomposer','to divide something into smaller parts','It’s easier to handle the job if you break it down into several specific assignments.','2025-10-08','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2691,487,'lay the foundations','poser les fondations','To state, outline, or create the fundamental basis (for something)','Opposing counsel is going to lay the foundation of their case today and then build on it as the trial goes on.\r\n','2025-10-08','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2692,487,' turn out to be','s\'avérer être','(idiom) used to say that something or someone eventually becomes something or is found to have a particular identity, quality, ability, etc.','The play turned out to be a success.\r\nThe animal in the bushes turned out to be a cat.\r\nEntering this popular trend now may turn out to be a wise choice today.','2025-10-08','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2693,487,'siblings ','frères et sœurs','a brother or sister:','I have four siblings: three brothers and a sister.\r\n','2025-10-08','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2694,488,'weak demand',' faible demande','a situation where the desire for goods and services is low, leading to a decline in sales and production   ','Sales volumes declined in the fourth quarter as a result of weak demand. ','2025-10-27','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2695,488,'shares','actions',' small parts of a company which people can buy or sell  ','The investor bought shares in the company. ','2025-10-27','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2696,488,' revenue','recettes, revenu','money a company gets from selling things or services','My company doubled its revenue this year. \r\nTaxes are charged on revenue. ','2025-10-27','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2697,488,'recovery','reprise économique','return to a better or stronger situation','The economy is showing signs of recovery. ','2025-10-27','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2698,488,'second-largest','(le deuxième plus) grand','large=huge','The concert attracted large crowds.','2025-10-27','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2699,488,'brewer','brasseur','a person or company that manufactures beer','The brewer poured the liquid into the large fermenting tun.\r\n','2025-10-27','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2700,488,' beer sales','ventes de bière','selling of beers','Beer sales have dramatically increased during summer ','2025-10-27','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2701,488,'although','bien que','even though','Although the sun was shining, it wasn\'t that warm.\r\n','2025-10-27','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2702,488,'slightly ','légèrement','to a small degree; not considerably:','\"he lowered his voice slightly\"\"they are all slightly different\"\r\n','2025-10-27','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2703,488,'quarter','trimestre','a period of three months regarded as one fourth of a year','The first quarter of the fiscal year. \r\nBusiness was up during the third quarter.','2025-10-27','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2704,489,'fireworks','feux d’artifice   ','A device consisting of a combination of explosives, set off to produce colored lights, smoke, and noise for amusement. Usually seen in the night sky.   ','A full day of activities was capped by a fantastic fireworks display.','2025-11-05','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2705,489,'bonfires','feux de joie','large fires that are made outside to burn unwanted things, usually for fun','The event is yearly celebrated by lighting bonfires. ','2025-11-05','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2706,489,'to blow up',' faire sauter, exploser  ','to destroy something or kill someone with a bomb  ','Luckily, the bomb did not blow up. ','2025-11-05','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2707,489,'skewers','brochettes','thin metal or wood sticks used to hold pieces of food together ','He cooked meat skewers on the barbecue.','2025-11-05','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2708,489,'setting off fireworks',' allumer les feux d’artifice','to ignite fireworks to make them explode or display in the sky','At 7.45 firefighters will set off fireworks and the crowds will cheer.','2025-11-05','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2709,489,'attempt','tentative, essai','the act or an instance of trying to do or accomplish something','The last attempt at reconciliation was very successful. \r\nI will not give up after one attempt.\r\n','2025-11-05','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2711,489,'a token','témoignage, symbole',' something serving to represent or indicate some feeling, event, fact, etc.','Black is a token of mourning.\r\nI wanted to offer you a small token of my appreciation.\r\n','2025-11-05','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2712,489,'a puppet','une marionnette','a toy in the shape of a person or animal','We took the children to a puppet show.\r\n','2025-11-05','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2713,489,'highlights ','points forts, moments forts','the most significant or interesting parts of something','The presentation of the award is the highlight of the event.\r\n','2025-11-05','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2714,489,'has been overtaken ','a été dépassé, supplanté','(competition) to be surpassed or left behind by others','The old methods were overtaken by new technology.\r\n','2025-11-05','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2715,490,'take the partnership to the \"next level\"','faire passer au niveau supérieur','to make progress or improve something so that it is better, more advanced, or more successful  ','She wants a coach who can take her game to the next level.\r\nA strategic acquisition could take your organization to the next level. ','2025-10-21','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2716,490,'rely heavily on','dépendre fortement de','to depend strongly on something or someone   ','They relied heavily on the advice of their advisors. ','2025-10-21','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2717,490,'surged','monter en flèche, exploser','to move suddenly and powerfully forward or upward','Food prices surged during the wheat shortage.','2025-10-21','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2718,490,'ownership stakes',' participation capitalistique','the percentage or portion of a company or asset that an individual or entity owns','As you acquire more stock, your ownership stake in the company becomes greater.','2025-10-21','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2719,490,' rare earths ','terres rares','a set of seventeen metallic elements. They are an essential part of many high-tech devices','Rare-earth elements (REE) are necessary components of more than 200 products across a wide range of applications','2025-10-21','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2720,490,'full steam ahead','à toute vapeur, à plein régime','with all your energy and enthusiasm','We are working full steam ahead to meet that deadline. \r\n','2025-10-21','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2721,490,'under the spotlight','sous les projecteurs, sous les feux de la rampe','in a position of being observed, scrutinized, or highlighted','Consumer communication in general has been under the spotlight in recent years.\r\n','2025-10-21','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2722,490,'raising concerns','susciter des inquiétudes','to express worries','These objections did not raise concerns about the safety. \r\n','2025-10-21','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2723,490,' processing facilities ','installations de traitement ou de transformation','a place where raw materials are transformed into finished products or where specific processes are carried out to achieve a particular outcome.','The food processing facility complies with all safety regulations to ensure high-quality products.','2025-10-21','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2724,490,'at play','en jeu','factors that are actively involved or having influence','Mighty forces are at play in the negotiations.\r\n','2025-10-21','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2725,491,'stunning','éblouissant','very beautiful or very impressive','I saw a stunning show last night.\r\n\r\n ','2025-11-10','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2726,491,'A host of','Un grand nombre de','(idiom) a very large number or collection of people or things','We have a whole host of partners. \r\nWe had a whole host of problems on opening night.','2025-11-10','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2727,491,'hub','centre, plaque tournante','the main or central place for activity','London is a hub for international business.','2025-11-10','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2728,491,'usher in','  inaugurer','(phrasal verb)  to begin something new or important','The treaty ushered in a new era of peace in the region.','2025-11-10','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2729,491,'enhancing','améliorer','to make something better or stronger','The company enhanced the performance of its product.','2025-11-10','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2730,491,'ancient',' antique ','from a long time ago, from Antiquity   ','The focus of today\'s class will be on ancient Greece. ','2025-11-10','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2731,491,'unearthed ','déterrer   ','  to find something that was buried in the ground  ','The archaeologists unearthed an ancient statue. ','2025-11-10','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2732,491,'hailed ','saluer, acclamer','to praise','The exhibition was hailed as a major success.\r\nThe crowds hail the boxing champion.','2025-11-10','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2733,492,'scourge','fléau','a cause of wide or great affliction','A city ravaged by the scourge of unemployment.\r\n','2025-11-10','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2734,492,'Swathe','enchaînement','a large part of something that includes several different things:','These people represent a broad/wide swathe of public opinion.\r\n','2025-11-10','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2735,492,'holding banners','tenir des banderoles','to use long strips of cloth with messages or slogans, often displayed during protests or rallies. The act of holding a banner signifies support or advocacy for a particular cause or message','Protestants were holding different banners during the march.','2025-11-10','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2736,492,'chanting slogans ','scander des slogans','say or shout repeatedly in a sing-song tone:','Protesters were chanting slogans.\r\n Groups of demonstrators chanted their own slogans against the government.\r\n','2025-11-10','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2737,492,'dragging ',' entraîner, éloigner  ','to forcefully pull someone or something away from a place or activity they are reluctant to leave.   ','They attempted to drag away one of the residents. ','2025-11-10','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2738,492,'to prevent','empêcher, éviter','(from + verb-ing) to stop something from happening or someone from doing something','The police tried to prevent him from leaving. \r\nCan this type of accident be prevented?','2025-11-10','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2739,492,'haze ','brume','fine dust, smoke, or light vapor','The bar was filled with a smoky haze.','2025-11-10','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2740,492,'shrouds ','envelopper, voiler','to cover','The clouds are shrouding the hills.\r\nThe mist shrouded the valley.\r\n','2025-11-10','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2741,492,'to rid us of','débarrasser de','make someone or something free of (an unwanted person or thing):','The exterminator rid the house of pests.','2025-11-10','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2742,492,'bundled them away','emmener','to send someone quickly or abruptly to a place','The parents decided to bundle away their children to bed early.\r\n','2025-11-10','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2743,493,'competitive edge',' avantage concurrentiel','the fact that a company has an advantage over its competitors','Good management gives the company a competitive edge.','2025-11-10','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2744,493,'relentless pace  ','   rythme effréné ',' a speed or rhythm that is unyielding, continuous, and often demanding, characterized by a lack of pause or respite ','With the relentless pace of deindustrialization, older cities, both large and small, refashioned their economies from the production of things \r\n\r\n\r\n','2025-11-10','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2745,493,'bottlenecked',' entravé, limité','constrained or slowed down','The production process needs manpower, but is not bottlenecked by a particular production process or machine.','2025-11-10','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2746,493,'a blueprint for','un schéma directeur, un plan d\'action ','  detailed plan for    ','It could serve as the blueprint for a workable procedure.','2025-11-10','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2747,493,'feat','exploit, prouesse','a noteworthy or extraordinary act or achievement, usually displaying boldness, skill, etc..','Arranging the treaty was a diplomatic feat.','2025-11-10','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2748,493,'backbone','(here) ossature','(here) the chief support of a system or organization','Freedom of opinion and independent journalism are the backbone of democracy. \r\nThe mother is the backbone of the family.','2025-11-10','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2749,493,'undertakings','entreprise','a task that is taken on; an enterprise','The construction of the pyramids was a very ambitious undertaking for the time.\r\n','2025-11-10','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2750,493,'a bold bet','un pari audacieux','risky or daring decision','Elon Musk\'s decision to invest in SpaceX and Tesla despite financial risks was considered a bold bet, showcasing his vision for the future. \r\n','2025-11-10','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2751,493,'host','accueillir','to welcome','The seminar will host a special guest. \r\nThe city hosts many cultural events.\r\n','2025-11-10','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2754,493,'lauded ','louer','to praise','The German leadership lauded the Russian initiative.\r\n','2025-11-10','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2755,493,'relentless pace','rythme effréné','a speed or rhythm that is unyielding, continuous, and often demanding, characterized by a lack of pause or respite','With the relentless pace of deindustrialization, older cities, both large and small, refashioned their economies from the production of things.\r\n','2025-11-10','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2756,491,'exhibits','pièces, objets exposés','objects that are shown to the public in a museum','The museum has a fascinating collection of exhibits.','2025-11-20','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2757,491,'have been relocated','transférer, relocaliser','to move or move something or someone from one place to another','The cargo port will be relocated to a new site.','2025-11-20','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2758,494,'has been raging  ','sévir  ','to continue with great violence or intensity   ','The storm raged all night long. ','2025-11-21','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2759,494,'war areas','zones de guerre','a region, city, or place where fighting happens','Food is often needed by civilians in war areas. ','2025-11-21','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2760,494,'trauma','traumatisme','a bad mental situation after a stressful event','The psychologist helped his patient overcome the trauma.','2025-11-21','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2761,494,'refugee camps','camps de réfugiés','a place where people go to when there is a war or another bad situation','In the refugee camps, secure areas reserved for children were set up.','2025-11-21','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2762,494,'educational gap','fossé éducatif, déficit éducatif',' unequal access to quality learning opportunities','There is a serious generation and educational gap on the labour market.\r\n','2025-11-21','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2763,494,'shelters','abri','a place giving temporary protection from bad weather or danger:','\"huts like this are used as a shelter during the winter\"\"an air-raid shelter\"\r\n','2025-11-21','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2764,494,'unreliable ','peu fiable','not able to be trusted or believed','This map is unreliable, it is too old.\r\n','2025-11-21','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2765,494,'lonely','seul, isolé','sad because one has no friends or company','She felt lonely after her children left home.\r\n','2025-11-21','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2766,494,'has been raging','sévir','to continue with great violence or intensity','The storm raged all night long.\r\n','2025-11-21','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2767,494,'to resume','reprendre','to begin again or continue after a pause or interruption','After a short break, they resumed negotiations.\r\n','2025-11-21','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2768,494,'displaced','déplacé','having been forced to leave your home, for example by a war or dangerous event','Natural disasters accounted for a growing number of displaced persons.\r\n','2025-11-21','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2769,495,'horns','cornes','hard, pointed parts that grow on the heads of some animals','A rhinoceros can have one or two horns. ','2025-11-10','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2770,495,'research fellow ','chercheur universitaire, chargé de recherches   ','an academic or professional position typically held by individuals who engage in advanced academic research, often at a university or research institution   ','He obtained his PhD from the University of Cambridge and was appointed as a Research Fellow. ','2025-11-10','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2771,495,'nest','nicher','to make a home to lay eggs and raise young  ','A bird is currently nesting in our attic. ','2025-11-10','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2772,495,'fitted with','doté de, muni de','equipped with','The car was fitted with a powerful engine.\r\n','2025-11-10','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2773,495,' critically endangered ','en danger critique d\'extinction','refers to a species that is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild,','\"The black rhino is critically endangered and on the brink of extinction.\"\r\n','2025-11-10','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2774,495,'to bring light to','mettre en lumière','to discover/ reveal','\"Recent archaeological discoveries have brought to light a previously unknown species of ancient mammal.\"','2025-11-10','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2775,495,'threatened plants','plantes menacées','endangered plants','Pests, forest fires, and other natural disasters are among the causes of the endangered plants of the flora world.','2025-11-10','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2776,495,'set to work','se mettre au travail','to begin work','They set to work researching a design. \r\n','2025-11-10','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2777,495,' went hand-in-hand with ','aller de pair avec','to be closely associated or connected','\"she had the confidence that usually goes hand in hand with experience\"\r\n','2025-11-10','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2778,495,'properly ','convenablement','correctly or satisfactorily','\"Please ensure the work is carried out properly\"\"a properly drafted agreement\"\r\n','2025-11-10','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2779,496,'pristine condition','en parfait état, intact','very clean and like new','Everything has been perfectly installed and is in pristine condition.','2025-11-21','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2780,496,'pinnacle ','summum  ','the best or highest point of something   ','High-quality fresh fruits are among the pinnacle of organic consumption. ','2025-11-21','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2781,496,'cobwebs','toiles d’araignée','collections of thin strands made by spiders','The fly was caught in the cobweb.','2025-11-21','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2782,496,'attic','grenier','the space or room under the roof of a house','A steep staircase leads to the attic.','2025-11-21','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2783,496,'It\'s a twist on',' Il s\'agit d\'une variante de','it modifies or changes something in a creative or unexpected way  ','It\'s a modern twist on tradition.','2025-11-21','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2784,496,'As the years unfolded','au fil des années','used to describe the progression of events or developments over time','We look forward to seeing the many benefits generated by this settlement as the years unfold. \r\n','2025-11-21','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2785,496,'a press release','un communiqué de presse','an official statement issued to newspapers giving information on a particular matter.','Tickets are $15 in advance and $20 on the day of the shows, according to a press release from the theater.\r\n','2025-11-21','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2786,496,'topping ','surpasser','exceeding','Our exports have topped $100,000','2025-11-21','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2787,496,'had held onto','conserver','to maintain possession or attachment to something','I think that that is how we can hold onto our prosperity.\r\n','2025-11-21','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2788,496,'withhold their names','garder l\'anonymat','refuse to give their names','The journalist wished to withhold her name.\r\n','2025-11-21','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2789,497,'controversial ','controversé  ','causing disagreement or public debate   ','The candidate\'s controversial views made him unpopular. ','2025-12-05','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2790,497,'raises serious ethical questions','soulever des questions','indicates that questions will be asked about something','This action will raise questions. \r\nThis will cause people to raise some questions.','2025-12-05','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2791,497,'breakthrough','découverte, avancée, percée','an important and sudden advance in science or other fields','Sending a man into space was a scientific breakthrough.','2025-12-05','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2792,497,'passing on',' transmettre','(phrasal verb)  to give something to somebody else  ','I hope my sister does not pass her flu on to me.\r\nWe’re going to pass on the responsibility.','2025-12-05','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2793,497,'eugenics',' eugénisme','the belief or practice by carefully controlling who has children and what they are like','Eugenics is based on the assumption that the genes have a decisive importance.','2025-12-05','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2794,497,'traits','caractéristique, attribut','a specific quality or characteristic of a person','My brother and I share several character traits. \r\nSpecies are identified by distinct traits. ','2025-12-05','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2795,497,'genome editing','édition du génome','a method that lets scientists change the DNA of many organisms, including plants, bacteria, and animals','Genome editing is of great interest in the prevention and treatment of human diseases.','2025-12-05','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2796,497,'genetic diseases','maladies génétiques',' health problem caused by one or more abnormalities in the genome','An example of genetic disease is Down\'s syndrome.\r\n','2025-12-05','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2797,497,'research ','recherches','a process of seeking out knowledge','The group carries out research in geochemistry.\r\n','2025-12-05','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2798,497,'DNA','ADN','the molecule that contains the genetic code of living organisms','DNA is inherited by children from their parents.\r\n','2025-12-05','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2799,498,'scaled-down','réduit, restreint','reduced in size or extent','The financial sector will be scaled down.','2025-12-04','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2800,498,'to kick off','démarrer, lancer le coup d’envoi','to start an event or activity','Performers will kick off the two-week event in the Opening Ceremony.','2025-12-04','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2801,498,'ahead of','avant','before','Some projects had to be selected ahead of others. \r\n','2025-12-04','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2802,498,'Owing to','en raison de','because of or on account of','Owing to the bad weather, the match has been postponed.\r\n','2025-12-04','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2803,498,'warnings','alerte','something that tells people of a possible danger or problem','We stayed indoors due to the tornado warning.','2025-12-04','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2804,498,' marble-clad','revêtu de marbre','Covered on the outside with marble stone','On Paros, the marble-clad Byzantine road at Lefkes takes you down the valley to Karampoli.','2025-12-04','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2805,498,'a handful of','une poignée de','A small number or amount of something','He grabbed a handful of cookies and left. \r\nHe laughed and drank another handful of water. \r\nDusty warned me you were a handful,','2025-12-04','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2806,498,'a powerhouse','une force motrice','a person or thing of great energy, strength, or power:','\"she appears to be an intellectual powerhouse\"\"Germany\'s economic powerhouse\"\r\n','2025-12-04','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2807,498,'torchbearer ','porteur de flambeau','a person who carries a ceremonial torch.','Once the flame is lit and blessed, it is then handed over to the first torchbearer. \r\n','2025-12-04','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2808,498,'will be carried out','être effectué','to be executed or completed in the future','The investigation will be carried out as soon as possible.','2025-12-04','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2809,499,'sparked',' susciter, provoquer, déclencher','to cause the start of something','The scheme sparked a temporary rise in the price and promoted the continued expansion of the coffee production .','2025-12-03','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2810,499,'its long-standing position ',' position défendue de longue date   ','existing or continuing for a long time, especially of a situation or institution   ','Here, I wish to reiterate our long-standing position on nuclear disarmament. ','2025-12-03','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2811,499,'proceed','continuer comme prévu, (here) avoir lieu','to continue as planned','Preparations for the festival are now proceeding smoothly.\r\n','2025-12-03','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2812,499,'to perform','se produire','to play','A famous actor will perform in the play tonight.','2025-12-03','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2813,499,' calling off','annuler','to cancel something','Tomorrow\'s match has been called off because of the icy weather.','2025-12-03','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2814,499,'to sour','se détériorer','to become unpleasant or unfriendly','This incident has soured relations between the two countries.','2025-12-03','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2815,499,'a flashpoint','un point chaud','a place or stage at which violence might be expected to begin','Because of the army\'s presence, the city is seen to be the flashpoint of the area.\r\n','2025-12-03','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2816,499,'escalation','escalade',' a situation in which something becomes greater or more serious','It\'s difficult to explain the recent escalation in violent crime.','2025-12-03','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2817,499,'its long-standing position.','position défendue de longue date','existing or continuing for a long time, especially of a situation or institution','Here, I wish to reiterate our long-standing position on nuclear disarmament.','2025-12-03','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2818,499,'had spread across the country','se multiplier dans le pays','to move over the entirety or majority of some area','Street demonstrations are spreading across the country.','2025-12-18','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2819,499,'plain-clothes police','des policiers en civil','police officers who wear ordinary clothes instead of uniforms while on duty','Plain-clothed police and government officials surround his house and their home phone lines are cut. ','2025-12-18','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2820,500,'mostly',' surtout, principalement',' mainly ','Shakespeare wrote mostly in verse.\r\nAfter leaving school, she spent a year travelling, mostly in Africa and Asia.','2025-12-22','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2821,500,'advice','des conseils   ','(uncountable noun) help from someone about what to do   ','My mother always gives good advice. ','2025-12-22','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2822,500,'certified ','agréé, accrédité   ','allowed or approved officially to do a job  ','Patients are examined by a certified doctor. ','2025-12-22','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2823,500,'empty','vacant','when there is nobody to do a job','Millions of empty jobs require skilled employees.','2025-12-22','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2824,500,'guidance ','conseils, indications   ','(uncountable) help or advice','The report gives good guidance as to how to go about it.','2025-12-22','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2825,500,'official qualification','diplôme officiel','official proof of skill   ','The TOEIC is an official qualification that certifies the level of skill and fluency in English.','2025-12-22','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2826,500,'looks for ','chercher','to try to find something or someone:','The police are still looking for three men in connection with the robbery.\r\nShe plans to look for a job abroad when she finishes college.\r\nWe were always looking for ways to make a little cash.','2025-12-22','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2827,500,' pass exams','reussir un examen','to be successful ','Guess what? I\'ve passed my driving test!\r\nThe exam is so hard that only five percent of all applicants pass.','2025-12-22','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2828,500,'healthcare ','soins de santé','the activity or business of providing medical services:','Many people in the country cannot afford health care.\r\nLarge corporations should have some responsibility in providing healthcare, safe working conditions, and an environment of equality.','2025-12-22','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2829,500,'Despite ','malgré','without being influenced or prevented by something','I still enjoyed the week despite the weather.','2025-12-22','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2830,501,'issue','publication ','the version of a magazine or newspaper that is published, for example, in a particular month or on a particular day ','The growing problem is underlined in the latest issue of the Lancet. \r\n\r\nThe journalists are waiting for the issue of an official statement. ','2025-12-11','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2831,501,'on the heels of','juste après   ','(idiom) immediately after   ','Winter wheat planting is right on the heels of the soybean harvest.','2025-12-11','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2832,501,'depicts ','décrire ','to represent or show something in a picture or story ','Her paintings depict the lives of ordinary people in the last century.\r\nIn the book, he depicts his father as a tyrant','2025-12-11','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2833,501,'opted to','choisir de, opter pour','to make a choice, especially of one thing or possibility instead of others','Mike opted for early retirement.\r\nMost people opt to have the operation.','2025-12-11','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2834,501,'no turning back','Il n\'y a pas de retour en arrière','used to say that you cannot decide to stop doing something you have planned, because of the action you have already taken:','He was just as worried as she was, but there was no turning back now.\r\nOnce dogs are taught to fight, there is usually no turning back.','2025-12-11','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2835,501,' opting out','se retirer, décider de ne pas adhérer à qqch, se désinscrire','to choose not to be part of an activity or to stop being involved in it','Customers may always opt out of the mailing list.','2025-12-11','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2836,501,'magazine covers ','couvertures de magazines','the front page of a magazine','Only sensational news is found on the first page of the magazine covers','2025-12-11','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2837,501,' since the advent of ','depuis l\'avènement de','to express that something began at a certain point in time','\"Since the advent of the internet, communication has become easier and faster.\"','2025-12-11','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2838,501,'wowing ','impressionner, épater','to gain an enthusiastic response from; to thrill','The actor\'s performance wowed the audience.\r\n','2025-12-11','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2839,501,'nods to ','(here) faire allusion à, faire un clin d\'oeil à','(idiom) to refer to','The music track nods to the buzz of early 2009.\r\n','2025-12-11','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2840,502,'cement','consolider, renforcer    ','to make something such as an agreement or friendship stronger   ','Helping my colleagues cemented my relationships with them.\r\nClose cooperation has cemented the bonds between the countries. ','2025-12-04','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2841,502,'awkward silence',' silence gênant, silence embarrassant',' an uncomfortable pause in a conversation or presentation','An awkward silence followed. ','2025-12-04','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2842,502,'shape ','façonner','to form or create something into a particular structure or idea','Drawing helps me shape my ideas. \r\nThe decision we have made today will shape our future. \r\nThe government shaped a new social policy.','2025-12-04','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2843,502,'relevance','pertinence','the degree to which something is related or useful to what is happening or being talked about','I understand what you are saying but I don\'t understand the relevance to this discussion.\r\nAnd what is the relevance of his claims to this matter?','2025-12-04','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2844,502,'disbelief','incrédulité','the feeling of not being able to believe that something is true or real:','His response was one of complete disbelief.\r\nin disbelief She shook her head in disbelief.','2025-12-04','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2845,502,'to convey ','transmettre','to express a thought, feeling, or idea so that it is understood by other people:','Few journalists have managed to convey the full horror of the situation.\r\nWhat the book does convey very successfully is the horror of war.\r\nNo report can convey the unspeakable suffering that this war has caused.','2025-12-04','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2846,502,'overwhelming','irrésistible','difficult to fight against','I had an overwhelming desire for sugary food.\r\n','2025-12-04','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2847,502,'urge','envie (irrésistible), désir','a strong wish, especially one that is difficult or impossible to control:','She felt an overwhelming urge to tell someone about what had happened.\r\nI can never resist the urge to laugh.','2026-01-04','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2848,502,'to squeeze','serrer','to press something firmly, especially from all sides in order to change its shape, reduce its size, or remove liquid from it:','Cut the lemon in half and squeeze the juice into the bowl.\r\n','2025-12-04','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2849,502,'unbearably ','insupportablement (ironique)','(here, ironic) in a way that is too painful or unpleasant for you to continue to experience','The sun was almost unbearably hot today.\r\nThe novel, while almost unbearably sad, is still a joy to read.','2025-12-04','0000-00-00 00:00:00');

--
-- Table structure for table `nl_themes`
--

CREATE TABLE `nl_themes` (
  `id` int NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `name` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
  `date_create` date NOT NULL,
  `created` datetime NOT NULL COMMENT '(DC2Type:datetime_immutable)',
  `modified` datetime NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=11 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb3;

--
-- Dumping data for table `nl_themes`
--

INSERT INTO `nl_themes` (`id`, `name`, `date_create`, `created`, `modified`) VALUES (1,'Politics','0000-00-00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(2,'Health','0000-00-00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(3,'Business & Economy','0000-00-00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(4,'Society','0000-00-00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(5,'Sport','0000-00-00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(6,'Travel','0000-00-00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(7,'Art & Culture','0000-00-00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(8,'Lifestyle','0000-00-00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(9,'Environment','0000-00-00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00'),(10,'Science & technology','0000-00-00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00');

--
-- Table structure for table `question`
--

CREATE TABLE `question` (
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  `difficulty` varchar(255) COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci NOT NULL,
  `ai_generated` tinyint(1) NOT NULL,
  `created_at` datetime NOT NULL,
  `updated_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
  KEY `IDX_B6F7494E853CD175` (`quiz_id`),
  CONSTRAINT `FK_B6F7494E853CD175` FOREIGN KEY (`quiz_id`) REFERENCES `quiz` (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_unicode_ci;

--
-- Dumping data for table `question`
--


--
-- Table structure for table `quiz`
--

CREATE TABLE `quiz` (
  `id` int NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `article_id` int NOT NULL,
  `type` varchar(50) COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci NOT NULL,
  `title` varchar(255) COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci NOT NULL,
  `description` longtext COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci NOT NULL,
  `status` varchar(255) COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci NOT NULL,
  `created_at` datetime NOT NULL,
  `updated_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
  KEY `IDX_A412FA927294869C` (`article_id`),
  CONSTRAINT `FK_A412FA927294869C` FOREIGN KEY (`article_id`) REFERENCES `nl_articles` (`ID`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_unicode_ci;

--
-- Dumping data for table `quiz`
--


--
-- Table structure for table `quiz_review`
--

CREATE TABLE `quiz_review` (
  `id` int NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `quiz_id` int NOT NULL,
  `user_id` int NOT NULL,
  `changes` json NOT NULL,
  `created_at` datetime NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
  KEY `IDX_9407719F853CD175` (`quiz_id`),
  CONSTRAINT `FK_9407719F853CD175` FOREIGN KEY (`quiz_id`) REFERENCES `quiz` (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_unicode_ci;

--
-- Dumping data for table `quiz_review`
--


--
-- Table structure for table `speaking_prompt`
--

CREATE TABLE `speaking_prompt` (
  `id` int NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `question_id` int NOT NULL,
  `sentence_starter` longtext COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci,
  `support_phrase` longtext COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
  UNIQUE KEY `UNIQ_9C8ED0CA1E27F6BF` (`question_id`),
  CONSTRAINT `FK_9C8ED0CA1E27F6BF` FOREIGN KEY (`question_id`) REFERENCES `question` (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_unicode_ci;

--
-- Dumping data for table `speaking_prompt`
--



